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Health Psychology > Human Body Systems > Flashcards

Human Body Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Most common cause of heart disease; characterized by buildup of plaque in the arterial walls that disrupt proper blood flow

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2
Q

How can psychologists measure activity in the following systems: Nervous; Endocrine; Cardiovascular

A

Nervous: fMRI, electroencephalogram
Endocrine: blood tests
Cardiovascular: electrocardiogram, pulse, blood pressure

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3
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 4th leading cause of death in America. Includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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4
Q

GERD

A

Gastrointestinal reflux disease; occurs due to changes in the barrier between the stomach and the esophagus

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5
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small intestine

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6
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

An open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

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7
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

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8
Q

The severity of an infection depends on…

A

The number of invaders, the virulence of the invader, and the body’s level of defenses

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9
Q

Lymphoma

A

Tumors in the lymphatic system (spleen, ducts and nodes)

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10
Q

Autoimmune diseases

A

Immune system attacks body’s own tissue

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11
Q

Lupus

A

Autoimmune disorder that attacks the body’s tissues. Causes pain, heat, redness, and swelling. Can be life-threatening if it attacks the connective tissue of the body’s internal organs

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12
Q

Hindbrain

A

“Old brain;” Develops first; includes the medulla, pons, cerebellum

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13
Q

Medulla

A

Heart rate, breathing, blood pressure

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14
Q

Pons

A

Regulates sleeping and waking cycle, also helps with respiration

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15
Q

Cerebellum

A

Basic motor coordination

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16
Q

Midbrain

A

Relay system; Includes the reticular formation

17
Q

Reticular formation

A

Transmits info, involved in sleep and alertness. Responsible for Highway Hypnosis

18
Q

Forebrain

A

“New brain;” Includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, and limbic system

19
Q

Thalamus

A

The gateway to the cortex. Performs recognition of sensory stimuli and determines what is passed up for higher processing

20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

The four F’s: fight, flight, food, fornification. Also releases certain hormones

21
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Higher level thinking, conciousness

22
Q

Limbic System

A

Includes hippocampus and amygdala, and has connections that help solidify emotioanlly-driven memories

23
Q

Sociopaths have dysfunction in which brain structure?

A

Limbic system (specifically amygdala)

24
Q

Neurotransmitters of the sympathetic NS

A

Catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine

25
Q

Parkinson’s

A

Degeration of basal ganglia; decreased motor coordination and onset of shaking; not fatal

26
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

Causes: brain damagme due to oxygen deprivation at birth or due to severe trauma in older childhood. Symptoms: muscle stiffness and spasticity, weak limbs, random uncontrollable movements, delayed milestones

27
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Non-fatal disease, although it can lead to paralysis, blindness, and mental deterioration. Best treated when identified early. Symptoms: numbness, loss of coordination, speech difficulties, dragging feet, extreme fatigue

28
Q

Huntington’s

A

Fatal disease characterized by death of brain tissue in patches. Hereditary with onset often in middle age. Symptoms: involuntary muscle spasms, loss of motor abilities, personality changes, other mental deterioration events

29
Q

Polio

A

Viral transmission disease. Attacks spinal nerves and destroys the cell bodies or motor neurons, so impulses are distrupted

30
Q

Paraplegia

A

Results from injury to lower portion of spinal cord

31
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Results from damage to upper portion of spinal cord

32
Q

Dementia

A

Serious loss of cognitive ability beyond the expectation associated with normal aging. Most common form is Alzheimer’s (60-70%).

33
Q

Vascular dementia

A

Cognitive decline caused by repeated oxygen deprivation in the brain (e.g. repeated strokes)

34
Q

Oxytocin

A

“Hugging Hormone;” gets released from the posterior pituitary during labor. Causes lactation and is involved in social affiliation

35
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Secretes hormones responsible for growth: somatotropic, gonadotropic, thyrotropic , adenocorticotropic)

36
Q

Main regulator of the endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

37
Q

Main disorder of the endocrine system

A

Diabetes

Health Psychology (10 decks)

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