HTN, Stroke, Diabetes

Question 1

Which disease is the “silent killer” and why?

Answer 1

Hypertension because it has no symptoms

Question 2

What is considered a healthy blood pressure?

Answer 2

Below 120/80

Question 3

How does regular caffeine consumption impact your blood pressure?

Answer 3

It does not increase your BP!

Question 4

What does it mean to say that almost all hypertension is “essential”?

Answer 4

There is an unknown origin or it is not caused by any other condition

Question 5

Systolic Blood Pressure

Answer 5

Pressure when the heart is beating

Question 6

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 6

Pressure when the heart is resting

Question 7

Primary contributors to HTN

Answer 7

Chronic stress, ethnicity, SES

Question 8

Those with high stress jobs are ___ as likely to experience HTN as those with low stress jobs

Answer 8

twice

Question 9

How does one’s coping ability play into the relationship between stress and HTN?

Answer 9

One’s ability to cope with a high-stress state of being reduces the risk of HTN that is normally induced by high stress

Question 10

Explain the higher rates of HTN in black individuals compared to individuals of other ethnicities

Answer 10

Due to black persons’ higher sensitivity to salt, higher BMI, worse access to healthcare, and poorer diet during childhood

Question 11

Low SES is linked to ___ rates of HTN

Answer 11

higher

Question 12

American Stroke Association states that up to __% of strokes are preventable

Answer 12

80%

Question 13

Which sex has higher rates of strokes?

Answer 13

Females (but likely due to living longer)

Question 14

Is Aspirin an effective treatment for stroke?

Answer 14

No! You don’t know whether a stroke is caused by a clot or a bleed at first, and Aspirin can intensify a bleed!

Question 15

Define stroke

Answer 15

A disturbance of blood flow to the brain caused by either athersclerosis or hemorrhaging in the cerebral blood vessels

Question 16

Strokes are the ____ most common cause of death in the US

Answer 16

fifth

Question 17

Long-term effects of strokes

Answer 17

Cognitive disruption, mobility issues, future strokes

Question 18

BEFAST (stroke symptoms)

Answer 18

Balance (dizzy)
Eyes (blurred/double/loss of vision
Face (droop on one side)
Arm (weakness in arm or leg)
Speech (difficulty speaking/understanding)
Time (must treat quickly!)

Question 19

Aphasia

Answer 19

Disruption in one’s ability to speak or understand speech. Varying degrees after a stroke. Usually does not improve after stroke without intervention.

Question 20

Estimated __% of stroke victims suffer from depression after their stroke

Answer 20

31% (likely an underestimate)

Question 21

Types of therapy that are and are NOT effective in preventing depression in stroke victims

Answer 21

Effective: exercise-based, music therapy, motivational interviewing

NOT effective: CBT

Question 22

Type I diabetes

Answer 22

Autoimmune disorder in which insulin-producing cells in the pancreas die

Question 23

Type II diabetes

Answer 23

Exact cause is unknown. Disregulation of the body’s production and/or uptake of insulin

Question 24

T/F: Diabetes increases the risk of dementia

Answer 24

True! Both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s

Question 25

__% of the US population has diabetes although many cases are undiagnosed

Answer 25

9

Question 26

Diabetes is the __ most common cause of chronic illness and leading cause ofkidney failure in the US

Answer 26

seventh

Question 27

Insulin resistance and effect

Answer 27

Cells in the muscle, fat, and liver lose ability to respond fully to insulin, so pancreas increases insulin production to compensate, and over tiem, insulin producing cells begin to fail leading to dyregulation of insulin levels and…type II DM

Question 28

Possible health effects of diabetes

Answer 28

Kidney failure, heart disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, leg and foot issues, stroke and dementia