HTN, Stroke, Diabetes Flashcards
Which disease is the “silent killer” and why?
Hypertension because it has no symptoms
What is considered a healthy blood pressure?
Below 120/80
How does regular caffeine consumption impact your blood pressure?
It does not increase your BP!
What does it mean to say that almost all hypertension is “essential”?
There is an unknown origin or it is not caused by any other condition
Systolic Blood Pressure
Pressure when the heart is beating
Diastolic blood pressure
Pressure when the heart is resting
Primary contributors to HTN
Chronic stress, ethnicity, SES
Those with high stress jobs are ___ as likely to experience HTN as those with low stress jobs
twice
How does one’s coping ability play into the relationship between stress and HTN?
One’s ability to cope with a high-stress state of being reduces the risk of HTN that is normally induced by high stress
Explain the higher rates of HTN in black individuals compared to individuals of other ethnicities
Due to black persons’ higher sensitivity to salt, higher BMI, worse access to healthcare, and poorer diet during childhood
Low SES is linked to ___ rates of HTN
higher
American Stroke Association states that up to __% of strokes are preventable
80%
Which sex has higher rates of strokes?
Females (but likely due to living longer)
Is Aspirin an effective treatment for stroke?
No! You don’t know whether a stroke is caused by a clot or a bleed at first, and Aspirin can intensify a bleed!
Define stroke
A disturbance of blood flow to the brain caused by either athersclerosis or hemorrhaging in the cerebral blood vessels
Strokes are the ____ most common cause of death in the US
fifth
Long-term effects of strokes
Cognitive disruption, mobility issues, future strokes
BEFAST (stroke symptoms)
Balance (dizzy)
Eyes (blurred/double/loss of vision
Face (droop on one side)
Arm (weakness in arm or leg)
Speech (difficulty speaking/understanding)
Time (must treat quickly!)
Aphasia
Disruption in one’s ability to speak or understand speech. Varying degrees after a stroke. Usually does not improve after stroke without intervention.
Estimated __% of stroke victims suffer from depression after their stroke
31% (likely an underestimate)
Types of therapy that are and are NOT effective in preventing depression in stroke victims
Effective: exercise-based, music therapy, motivational interviewing
NOT effective: CBT
Type I diabetes
Autoimmune disorder in which insulin-producing cells in the pancreas die
Type II diabetes
Exact cause is unknown. Disregulation of the body’s production and/or uptake of insulin
T/F: Diabetes increases the risk of dementia
True! Both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s
__% of the US population has diabetes although many cases are undiagnosed
9
Diabetes is the __ most common cause of chronic illness and leading cause ofkidney failure in the US
seventh
Insulin resistance and effect
Cells in the muscle, fat, and liver lose ability to respond fully to insulin, so pancreas increases insulin production to compensate, and over tiem, insulin producing cells begin to fail leading to dyregulation of insulin levels and…type II DM
Possible health effects of diabetes
Kidney failure, heart disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, leg and foot issues, stroke and dementia
