Patient/Resident Care Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following is a safe generalization about aging?
A
Aging is highly individualized
2
Q
Professionals who study aging and are normally not physicians are called
A
Gerontologists
3
Q
The progessive loss of cortical neurons (brain cells) and brain weight means that older persons
A
Are unaffected by the loss
4
Q
Aging is a graadual decline of at least some of the systems in teh body, which proceed
A
At different rates in different indivdiuals
5
Q
According to Leonard Hayflick’s theory aging occurs because of
A
A limit of about 50 divisions for certain key groups of cells in humans
6
Q
According to the autoimmune response theory of aging, “copying errors’ in repeated cell divisions result in cells that are progressively not recognized by the body, leading to
A
Triggering the immune system to attack these cells
7
Q
Physicians who specialize in treating older persons are
A
Geriatricians
8
Q
A physician who diagnoses and treats diseases of the brain, nervous system, and spinal cord is a
A
Neurologist
9
Q
A technician, not a physician, trained to grind lenses and to fit them as an
A
Optician
10
Q
A dentist who specializes in the extraction of teeth is an
A
Oral surgeon
11
Q
A physician who specializes in diagnostic procedures and treatment of nonsurgical cases is known as an
A
Internist
12
Q
A physician who specializes in examination of body tissues under laboratory conditions is known as a
A
Pathologist
13
Q
A physician who specializes in physical medicine, body movements, and conditioning is known as a
A
Phsysiatrist
14
Q
A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders is known as
A
Psychiatrist
15
Q
A physician specializing in the use of x ray and similar medical diagnostic machines is known as a
A
Radiologiest
16
Q
A psychiatrist who specialized in the use of psychoanalytic techniques of therapy is known as a
A
Psychoanalysit
17
Q
A physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of the large intestine, particularly the rectum is known as a
A
Proctologist
18
Q
A physician specializing in treatment of the kidney and bladder is known as a
A
Urologist
19
Q
A physician who specializes in the treatment of arthritic diseases is known as a/an
A
Rheumatologist
20
Q
A physician specializing in the treatment of the lungs is known as
A
Pulmonologist
21
Q
A physician who diagnoses and treats eye diseases and disorders, performs eye surgery, refracts the eyes, and prescribes corrective eyeglasses and lenses is known as
A
Ophthalmologist
22
Q
Induces vomiting: fro example warm salt water
A
Emetic
23
Q
Destroys tissue by local application; for example silver nitrate
A
Caustic
24
Q
Expands or dilates blood vessels
A
Vasodilators
25
Reduces pain; for example aspirin
Analgesic
26
Used in treatment of anemia; for example liver extract
Antianeic
27
Helps raise blood pressure
Hypertensive
28
Stimulates elimination of urine, often used with medications prescribed to reduce hypertension, for example thiomirin
Diuretic
29
Slows down growth of bacteria but does not kill all of the bacteria, for example hydrogen peroxide
Antisieptic
30
Used to induce coughing; and agent that increases bronchial secretion and facilitates its expulsion; for example robotussin
Expectorant
31
Destroys microorganisms in the body; for example penicillin
Antibiotic
32
Laxatives, purgatives, inducing bowel movements; for example cascara sagrada
Cathartic
33
Destroys pathogenic organism; for example, zepharin chloride
Disinfectant
34
Used to induce perspiration
Diaphoretic
35
Relieves smooth muscle contraction; for example diazepam (Valium)
Antispasmodic
36
Causes the blood vessels to narrow or constrict
Vasoconstrictor
37
Decreases clotting of the blood
Anticoagulant
38
diag
Diagnosis
39
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
40
noct
At night
41
W/C
Wheelchair
42
stat
Immediately
43
URI
Upper respiratory infection
44
Omn. hor.
Every hour
45
gm.
Gram
46
cf.
compare
47
NPO
nothing by mouth
48
ad. lib.
as much as desired
49
exam.
Examination
50
RBC
Red blood count
51
TO
Telephone order
52
RX.
Prescription
53
spec.
Specimin
54
ung.
Ointment
55
VO
Verbal order
56
BE
Barium enema
57
PRN
As needed
58
tab
TAblet
59
Disch
Discharge
60
Omn. noct.
Every night
61
tid
Three times a day
62
qd
Daily
63
IV
Intravenous
64
h.s.
At bedtime
65
inf.
Infusion
66
FUO
Fver of unknown origin
67
EEG
Electronencephalogram
68
sol.
Solution
69
u.
Unit
70
surg.
Surgery
71
lab.
Labratory
72
a-, an-; for example anorexia
Without
73
ad-; for example additive
Toward, to, at
74
ambi-; for example ambilateral
Both
75
angio-; for example angiogibrosis
To a vessel
76
antero-; for example anteromedian
In front of
77
apo-; for example apocleisis
Away from, off
78
bi-; for example bilateral
Two
79
brady- for example bradycardia
Slow
80
carcino-; for example cardinogen
Pertaining to cancer
81
cata-; for example catabolism
Downward, against
82
cephalo-; for eample cephalogram
Head
83
chiro-; for example chiroplasty
Pertaining to the hand
84
circum-; for example, circumcorneal;
Around
85
contra-; for example contraindicated
Against, opposite
86
cranio-; for example, craniotomy;
Pertaining to the head
87
cyto-; for exaple cytolysis
Relation to a cell
88
derm- for example, dermatisis
Pertaining to the skin
89
di- for example diarthric
Double, twice
90
dys-; for example ,sysphasia
Painful, difficult
91
em-, en-; for example embolic
In
92
endo-; for example, endocarditis
Within, inner
93
epi-; for example, epidermatitis
Above, upon, over
94
fibro-; for example fibrocarcinoma
Pertaining to fiber
95
glyco-; for example glycosuria
Relation to sweetness
96
hema- hemo- for example hemorrhage
Pertaining to the blood
97
hepato-; for example, hepatitis
Liver
98
hydro-; for examply hydrocyst
Water
99
hypno-; for example, hypnotherapy
Relating to sleep
100
hystero-; for example hysterogram
Relating to the uterus
101
infra-; for example infracardiac
Beneath, below
102
intra-; for example intracutaneous
Within
103
osteo-; for example osteoporosis
Pertaining to the bones
104
pachy-; for example pachylosis
Thick
105
para-; for example paralysis
Beyond, besides
106
per-; for example perfusion
Through
107
phlebo-; for example, phlebitis
Relating to a vein
108
poly-; for example, polycardia
many, much
109
pseudo-; for example pseudodementia
False
110
pyo-; for example pyoderma
Signifying pus
111
rhino-; for example rhinoplasty
Nose
112
tachy-; for example, tachycardia
Rapid
113
uni-; for example, unicellular
One
114
intro-; for example introgastric
In, into
115
labio-; for example labiocervical
Relating to the lip
116
mega-; for example megacardia
Large oversize
117
myo-; for example myocardial infarction
Relating to the muscle
118
necro-; for example necrosis
Deah
119
omo-; for example omodynia
Pertaining to the shoulder
120
odont-; for example odontalgia
Relating to the teeth
121
-ac; for example cardiac
pertaining to
122
-algia; for example, neuralgia
Pain
123
-centesis; for example, paracentesis
Surgical puncture
124
-clysis; for example, eneroclysis
Washing, irrigation
125
-cycle; for example
Cell
126
-emesis; for example, hyperemesis
Vomiting
127
-genesis; for example, carcinogenesis
Condition of producing
128
-lith; for example, nephrolith
Stone
129
-malacia; for example osteomalacia
Softening
130
-odynia; for example cardiodynia
A painful condition
131
-opsy; for example biopsy
to view
132
-orrhaphy; for example gastrorraphy
Suture
133
-orrhea; for example, gastorrhea
Flow, discharge
134
-otomy; for example nephrotomy
Incision, to cut into
135
-penia; for example, leukopenia
Deficiency
136
-pexy; for example, nephropexy
Fixation, to put into place
137
-phasia; for example, aphasia
Speech
138
-phobia; for example claustrophobia
Fear
139
-rythmia; for example, arrythmia
Rythmic
140
-spasm; for example myospasm
Sudden violent involuntary contraction of muscles
141
-stenosis; for example arteriostenosis
tightening, stricture
142
-tripsy; for example, lithotripsy
A crushign
143
-uria; for example, albuminuria
Urine
144
The bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, and joints used in movement are teh
Musculoskeletal system
145
Shy system that circulates blood is also called the
Cardiovascular system
146
When the health of cells has deteriorated, it usually is due to a decrease in effectiveness of the ___, interfering with the supply of nutrients to them
CV system
147
A stroke occurs when the lack of oxygen to an area of the brain causes
Permanent damage
148
An elderly person whose blood pressure is consistently greater than 160/95 is considered to have
Hypertension
149
The left side of the brain controls the functions of the ___ side of the body
Right
150
A disease resulting from loss of elasticity in the lung tissues causing carbon dioxide to build up is
Emphysema
151
A progressive disease for which there is not cure, characterized by tremor, rigidity or muscle stiffness and brady kinesia is
Parkinsons disease
152
Difficulty in swallowing or transferring food from the mouth to the esophagus is called
Dysphagia
153
The transformation process in which nutrients undergo various chemical reactions is
Metabolism
154
Plasma, which carries red blood cells, and lymph, which carries white blood cells are examples of
Body fluids
155
Measuring daily fasting blood sugar level and measuring the amount of glucose in the urine are tests used in the treatment of
Diabetes
156
Infections associated with institutionalization are referred to as ___ infections
Nosocomial
157
Decubitus ulcers once formed can
Become infected and form cavities of dead tissues
158
The leading types of cancer among males seen in the nursing facility are cancers of the
Lung, colon, and rectum
159
Falls among persons older than 65 years of age account for more than ___% of deaths that result from all falls
70
160
Chronic renal failure that has progressed to the stage where little or no urine is being produced is called
End stage renal disease
161
A study by Stilwell and O'Conner indicates that among persons suudied
- Older people remain interested in sex
- Older people find each other attractive
- Sexuality contributes to overall well being
162
The line between disabling mental illnesses and the day to day effects of comping with old age
Is often blurred
163
In the nursing facility, person centered administration means focusing on
The quality of resident life
164
The process by which the body breaks down the foods eaten into a form usale by indivdual cells is
Digestion
165
Comvined with oxygen, nutrients permit individual cells to perform chemical reactions that
Produce energy
166
Peripheral vascular disease commonly refers to the increased resistance in the blood vessels
In the extremities
167
When the heart muscle intself suffers from a lack of oxygen due to blockages in teh arteries that usally supply it, it is known as
Coronary artery disease
168
Blood being backed up int he circulatory system causing fluids to leak out of the bloodstream is symptomatic of
Congestive heart failure
169
Because tuberculosis can be transmitted through secretions or whena person coughts, itis condsidered
An infectious diseae
170
The primary problem resulting in glaucoma is
Pressure due to failure of fluids to drain normally
171
The digestive system is referred to all the alimentary tract or the
Gastrointestinal tract
172
Sharp burning abdominal pain 1-4 hours after eating, nausea, weight loss, and blood in stools can be symptoms of
An ulcer
173
Carbohydrates can be broken down readily into fuel for the body. Two common sources are
Starches and sugars
174
During the years 1993-2006 the percent of residents in the US nursing facilities who had psychological diagnoses
Increaased
175
Gastrostomy tubes for residents needing long-term tube feeding may be preferred over nasogastric tubes because there is no chance that fluids may be
Aspirated
176
Diabetes occurs when the body is unable to metabolize ___ because of a problem with a hormone called insulin
Glucose
177
Anemia occurs when there is a difficulty with the ___ blood cells resulting in the body not getting enough oxygen
Anemia
178
The skin, the acid composition of gastric juices, and the urine are ___ that help to protect the body
Barrier-type defenses
179
Whenever foreign material or ___ enter the body ,the components of the immune system recognize this and mobilize for an attack response
Antigens
180
Redness surrounding the areas of skin that ay become infected is called the ___ response
Inflammation
181
The tough, dry, wrinkled skin sometimes observed among elderly persons may work to ___ the barrier effect of the skin
Diminish
182
The formation of a skin ulcer can occur when
The weight of the body exerts unusual pressure on internal soft tissue
183
Residents most at risk of developing pressure sores are those
Who are immobile
184
The percentage of US nursing home residents who were chair bound in 2013 was just more than
50%
185
Hypothermia is often difficult to diagnose because symptoms may be similar to
A minor stroke
186
The proportion of residents in US nursing facilities during 1993-2013 who received special skin care
More than doubled
187
Joints are the points in the body at which
The ends of two bones meet
188
There is some consensus among researchers that during the aging process the total amount of bone in the body
Decreases
189
The proportion of residents int eh US nursing homes during 1993 to 2013 who were incontinent remained about
50%
190
Orthostatic hypotension is
Decreased blood pressure on standing
191
In addition to removing waste materials from the bloodstream, the kidneys also help regulate the
Amount of body fluids
192
Itchy and dry skin, mental confusion, weakness, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can all be the symptoms of
Oncoming chronic renal failure
193
Patients unable to urinate can be ___ periodically following fluid intake
Catheterized
194
During midlife, women experience cessation of egg production, and hence of menstruation called
Menopause
195
An elderly male nursing facility resident with painful urination and blood in the urine should be checked for
Prostatitis
196
The incidence of heart attack or stroke during sexual intercourse
Is very low
197
Fantasizing, avoidance of eye contact, fidgeting, insomnia, isolation from others, and hostile or dependent behaviors are thought to be manifestations of
Anxiety
198
Psychotropic drugs exert an effect primarily on the
Brain
199
Nearly ___ of all residents in the US nursing homes in 2006 were receiving psychoactive drugs
2/3
200
There are losses incoming residents inevitably experience, and
There are also gains
201
Anger and anxiety typically associated with being admitted to a nursing facility can lead to
Admission-associated depression
202
The number of. facilities receiving citation for improper restraint use in 2006 was about ___ than in 1993
1/3 less
203
Experience suggests that it is important to identify depression on top of
Dementia
204
Among persons aged 65 years, ___ is/are the ninth leading cause of death and the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries
Falls
205
The most effective fall intervention strategy is a ___ fall risk reduction program for each resident based on paying careful attention to the comprehensive assessment of each resident
Personalized
206
- To begin as early as possible (first 24-48 hours)
- To assess the patient systematically (first 2-7 days)
- To prepare the therapy plan carefully
- To build up in stages
- To include the type of rehabilitation approach specific to deficits
These are the basic principles of
Rehabilitation
207
Vital sighs, galvanic skin responses, heart rate variations and recovery, patterns of communication, movement and activity, posture, quality and duration of sleep and brain waves
Are precursors to depression
