Patient/Resident Care Flashcards
Which of the following is a safe generalization about aging?
Aging is highly individualized
Professionals who study aging and are normally not physicians are called
Gerontologists
The progessive loss of cortical neurons (brain cells) and brain weight means that older persons
Are unaffected by the loss
Aging is a graadual decline of at least some of the systems in teh body, which proceed
At different rates in different indivdiuals
According to Leonard Hayflick’s theory aging occurs because of
A limit of about 50 divisions for certain key groups of cells in humans
According to the autoimmune response theory of aging, “copying errors’ in repeated cell divisions result in cells that are progressively not recognized by the body, leading to
Triggering the immune system to attack these cells
Physicians who specialize in treating older persons are
Geriatricians
A physician who diagnoses and treats diseases of the brain, nervous system, and spinal cord is a
Neurologist
A technician, not a physician, trained to grind lenses and to fit them as an
Optician
A dentist who specializes in the extraction of teeth is an
Oral surgeon
A physician who specializes in diagnostic procedures and treatment of nonsurgical cases is known as an
Internist
A physician who specializes in examination of body tissues under laboratory conditions is known as a
Pathologist
A physician who specializes in physical medicine, body movements, and conditioning is known as a
Phsysiatrist
A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders is known as
Psychiatrist
A physician specializing in the use of x ray and similar medical diagnostic machines is known as a
Radiologiest
A psychiatrist who specialized in the use of psychoanalytic techniques of therapy is known as a
Psychoanalysit
A physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of the large intestine, particularly the rectum is known as a
Proctologist
A physician specializing in treatment of the kidney and bladder is known as a
Urologist
A physician who specializes in the treatment of arthritic diseases is known as a/an
Rheumatologist
A physician specializing in the treatment of the lungs is known as
Pulmonologist
A physician who diagnoses and treats eye diseases and disorders, performs eye surgery, refracts the eyes, and prescribes corrective eyeglasses and lenses is known as
Ophthalmologist
Induces vomiting: fro example warm salt water
Emetic
Destroys tissue by local application; for example silver nitrate
Caustic
Expands or dilates blood vessels
Vasodilators
Reduces pain; for example aspirin
Analgesic
Used in treatment of anemia; for example liver extract
Antianeic
Helps raise blood pressure
Hypertensive
Stimulates elimination of urine, often used with medications prescribed to reduce hypertension, for example thiomirin
Diuretic
Slows down growth of bacteria but does not kill all of the bacteria, for example hydrogen peroxide
Antisieptic
Used to induce coughing; and agent that increases bronchial secretion and facilitates its expulsion; for example robotussin
Expectorant
Destroys microorganisms in the body; for example penicillin
Antibiotic
Laxatives, purgatives, inducing bowel movements; for example cascara sagrada
Cathartic
Destroys pathogenic organism; for example, zepharin chloride
Disinfectant
Used to induce perspiration
Diaphoretic
Relieves smooth muscle contraction; for example diazepam (Valium)
Antispasmodic
Causes the blood vessels to narrow or constrict
Vasoconstrictor
Decreases clotting of the blood
Anticoagulant
diag
Diagnosis
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
noct
At night
W/C
Wheelchair
stat
Immediately
URI
Upper respiratory infection
Omn. hor.
Every hour
gm.
Gram
cf.
compare
NPO
nothing by mouth
ad. lib.
as much as desired
exam.
Examination
RBC
Red blood count
TO
Telephone order
RX.
Prescription
spec.
Specimin
ung.
Ointment
VO
Verbal order
BE
Barium enema
PRN
As needed
tab
TAblet
Disch
Discharge
Omn. noct.
Every night
tid
Three times a day
qd
Daily
IV
Intravenous
h.s.
At bedtime
inf.
Infusion
FUO
Fver of unknown origin
EEG
Electronencephalogram
sol.
Solution
u.
Unit
surg.
Surgery
lab.
Labratory
a-, an-; for example anorexia
Without
ad-; for example additive
Toward, to, at
ambi-; for example ambilateral
Both
angio-; for example angiogibrosis
To a vessel
antero-; for example anteromedian
In front of
apo-; for example apocleisis
Away from, off
bi-; for example bilateral
Two
brady- for example bradycardia
Slow
carcino-; for example cardinogen
Pertaining to cancer
cata-; for example catabolism
Downward, against
cephalo-; for eample cephalogram
Head
chiro-; for example chiroplasty
Pertaining to the hand
circum-; for example, circumcorneal;
Around
contra-; for example contraindicated
Against, opposite
cranio-; for example, craniotomy;
Pertaining to the head
cyto-; for exaple cytolysis
Relation to a cell
derm- for example, dermatisis
Pertaining to the skin
di- for example diarthric
Double, twice
dys-; for example ,sysphasia
Painful, difficult
em-, en-; for example embolic
In
endo-; for example, endocarditis
Within, inner
epi-; for example, epidermatitis
Above, upon, over
fibro-; for example fibrocarcinoma
Pertaining to fiber
glyco-; for example glycosuria
Relation to sweetness
hema- hemo- for example hemorrhage
Pertaining to the blood
hepato-; for example, hepatitis
Liver
hydro-; for examply hydrocyst
Water
hypno-; for example, hypnotherapy
Relating to sleep
hystero-; for example hysterogram
Relating to the uterus
infra-; for example infracardiac
Beneath, below
intra-; for example intracutaneous
Within
osteo-; for example osteoporosis
Pertaining to the bones
pachy-; for example pachylosis
Thick
para-; for example paralysis
Beyond, besides
per-; for example perfusion
Through
phlebo-; for example, phlebitis
Relating to a vein
poly-; for example, polycardia
many, much
pseudo-; for example pseudodementia
False
pyo-; for example pyoderma
Signifying pus
rhino-; for example rhinoplasty
Nose
tachy-; for example, tachycardia
Rapid
uni-; for example, unicellular
One
intro-; for example introgastric
In, into
labio-; for example labiocervical
Relating to the lip
mega-; for example megacardia
Large oversize
myo-; for example myocardial infarction
Relating to the muscle
necro-; for example necrosis
Deah
omo-; for example omodynia
Pertaining to the shoulder
odont-; for example odontalgia
Relating to the teeth
-ac; for example cardiac
pertaining to
-algia; for example, neuralgia
Pain
-centesis; for example, paracentesis
Surgical puncture
-clysis; for example, eneroclysis
Washing, irrigation
-cycle; for example
Cell
-emesis; for example, hyperemesis
Vomiting
-genesis; for example, carcinogenesis
Condition of producing
-lith; for example, nephrolith
Stone
-malacia; for example osteomalacia
Softening
-odynia; for example cardiodynia
A painful condition
-opsy; for example biopsy
to view
-orrhaphy; for example gastrorraphy
Suture
-orrhea; for example, gastorrhea
Flow, discharge
-otomy; for example nephrotomy
Incision, to cut into
-penia; for example, leukopenia
Deficiency
-pexy; for example, nephropexy
Fixation, to put into place
-phasia; for example, aphasia
Speech
-phobia; for example claustrophobia
Fear
-rythmia; for example, arrythmia
Rythmic
-spasm; for example myospasm
Sudden violent involuntary contraction of muscles
-stenosis; for example arteriostenosis
tightening, stricture
-tripsy; for example, lithotripsy
A crushign
-uria; for example, albuminuria
Urine
The bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, and joints used in movement are teh
Musculoskeletal system
Shy system that circulates blood is also called the
Cardiovascular system
When the health of cells has deteriorated, it usually is due to a decrease in effectiveness of the ___, interfering with the supply of nutrients to them
CV system
A stroke occurs when the lack of oxygen to an area of the brain causes
Permanent damage
An elderly person whose blood pressure is consistently greater than 160/95 is considered to have
Hypertension
The left side of the brain controls the functions of the ___ side of the body
Right
A disease resulting from loss of elasticity in the lung tissues causing carbon dioxide to build up is
Emphysema
A progressive disease for which there is not cure, characterized by tremor, rigidity or muscle stiffness and brady kinesia is
Parkinsons disease
Difficulty in swallowing or transferring food from the mouth to the esophagus is called
Dysphagia
The transformation process in which nutrients undergo various chemical reactions is
Metabolism
Plasma, which carries red blood cells, and lymph, which carries white blood cells are examples of
Body fluids
Measuring daily fasting blood sugar level and measuring the amount of glucose in the urine are tests used in the treatment of
Diabetes
Infections associated with institutionalization are referred to as ___ infections
Nosocomial
Decubitus ulcers once formed can
Become infected and form cavities of dead tissues
The leading types of cancer among males seen in the nursing facility are cancers of the
Lung, colon, and rectum
Falls among persons older than 65 years of age account for more than ___% of deaths that result from all falls
70
Chronic renal failure that has progressed to the stage where little or no urine is being produced is called
End stage renal disease
A study by Stilwell and O’Conner indicates that among persons suudied
- Older people remain interested in sex
- Older people find each other attractive
- Sexuality contributes to overall well being
The line between disabling mental illnesses and the day to day effects of comping with old age
Is often blurred
In the nursing facility, person centered administration means focusing on
The quality of resident life
The process by which the body breaks down the foods eaten into a form usale by indivdual cells is
Digestion
Comvined with oxygen, nutrients permit individual cells to perform chemical reactions that
Produce energy
Peripheral vascular disease commonly refers to the increased resistance in the blood vessels
In the extremities
When the heart muscle intself suffers from a lack of oxygen due to blockages in teh arteries that usally supply it, it is known as
Coronary artery disease
Blood being backed up int he circulatory system causing fluids to leak out of the bloodstream is symptomatic of
Congestive heart failure
Because tuberculosis can be transmitted through secretions or whena person coughts, itis condsidered
An infectious diseae
The primary problem resulting in glaucoma is
Pressure due to failure of fluids to drain normally
The digestive system is referred to all the alimentary tract or the
Gastrointestinal tract
Sharp burning abdominal pain 1-4 hours after eating, nausea, weight loss, and blood in stools can be symptoms of
An ulcer
Carbohydrates can be broken down readily into fuel for the body. Two common sources are
Starches and sugars
During the years 1993-2006 the percent of residents in the US nursing facilities who had psychological diagnoses
Increaased
Gastrostomy tubes for residents needing long-term tube feeding may be preferred over nasogastric tubes because there is no chance that fluids may be
Aspirated
Diabetes occurs when the body is unable to metabolize ___ because of a problem with a hormone called insulin
Glucose
Anemia occurs when there is a difficulty with the ___ blood cells resulting in the body not getting enough oxygen
Anemia
The skin, the acid composition of gastric juices, and the urine are ___ that help to protect the body
Barrier-type defenses
Whenever foreign material or ___ enter the body ,the components of the immune system recognize this and mobilize for an attack response
Antigens
Redness surrounding the areas of skin that ay become infected is called the ___ response
Inflammation
The tough, dry, wrinkled skin sometimes observed among elderly persons may work to ___ the barrier effect of the skin
Diminish
The formation of a skin ulcer can occur when
The weight of the body exerts unusual pressure on internal soft tissue
Residents most at risk of developing pressure sores are those
Who are immobile
The percentage of US nursing home residents who were chair bound in 2013 was just more than
50%
Hypothermia is often difficult to diagnose because symptoms may be similar to
A minor stroke
The proportion of residents in US nursing facilities during 1993-2013 who received special skin care
More than doubled
Joints are the points in the body at which
The ends of two bones meet
There is some consensus among researchers that during the aging process the total amount of bone in the body
Decreases
The proportion of residents int eh US nursing homes during 1993 to 2013 who were incontinent remained about
50%
Orthostatic hypotension is
Decreased blood pressure on standing
In addition to removing waste materials from the bloodstream, the kidneys also help regulate the
Amount of body fluids
Itchy and dry skin, mental confusion, weakness, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can all be the symptoms of
Oncoming chronic renal failure
Patients unable to urinate can be ___ periodically following fluid intake
Catheterized
During midlife, women experience cessation of egg production, and hence of menstruation called
Menopause
An elderly male nursing facility resident with painful urination and blood in the urine should be checked for
Prostatitis
The incidence of heart attack or stroke during sexual intercourse
Is very low
Fantasizing, avoidance of eye contact, fidgeting, insomnia, isolation from others, and hostile or dependent behaviors are thought to be manifestations of
Anxiety
Psychotropic drugs exert an effect primarily on the
Brain
Nearly ___ of all residents in the US nursing homes in 2006 were receiving psychoactive drugs
2/3
There are losses incoming residents inevitably experience, and
There are also gains
Anger and anxiety typically associated with being admitted to a nursing facility can lead to
Admission-associated depression
The number of. facilities receiving citation for improper restraint use in 2006 was about ___ than in 1993
1/3 less
Experience suggests that it is important to identify depression on top of
Dementia
Among persons aged 65 years, ___ is/are the ninth leading cause of death and the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries
Falls
The most effective fall intervention strategy is a ___ fall risk reduction program for each resident based on paying careful attention to the comprehensive assessment of each resident
Personalized
- To begin as early as possible (first 24-48 hours)
- To assess the patient systematically (first 2-7 days)
- To prepare the therapy plan carefully
- To build up in stages
- To include the type of rehabilitation approach specific to deficits
These are the basic principles of
Rehabilitation
Vital sighs, galvanic skin responses, heart rate variations and recovery, patterns of communication, movement and activity, posture, quality and duration of sleep and brain waves
Are precursors to depression
