Patient Monitoring Flashcards
A patient who is awake, alert and responsive is considered to exhibit what normal state?
Consciousness
A patient who is able to fully respond to stimuli, including the ability to fully answer questions is considered to be?
Alert and conscious
A patient who appears drowsy but can be aroused is said to be?
Lethargic state
A patient who is in a more depressed state of consciousness and may not be easily aroused from state of confusion?
Obtuned
A patient who is near unresponsiveness/semicomatose is?
Stupor
When a patient is completely unresponsive to stimuli?
Coma
What assessment is the measurement of basic body functions to monitor critical information regarding the patient’s physical condition?
Vital signs
What 4 bodily functions are checked when monitoring a patient’s vitals?
Temperature, pulse, blood pressure and respiration
What is the normal body temperature in Fahrenheit?
97.7- 99.5
What is the normal body temperature in Celsius?
36.5-37.5
What is the pulse rate for adults?
60-100 bpm
What is the pulse rate for children?
70-120bpm
What indicates the pressure within the arteries during the cardiac contraction phase?
Systolic blood pressure
What should the systolic blood pressure be?
Less than 120mm Hg
What measures the relaxation phase of the heart?
Diastolic pressure
What should the diastole be?
Less than 80mm Hg
What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?
12-20 breaths per minute
What is the normal respiratory rate for children?
20-30 breaths per minute
What electronic device is used to measure pulse and respiratory status?
Pulse oximeter
Where can a pulse oximeter be placed on a patient to measure blood oxygen levels?
Finger, toe or earlobe
What is the normal blood oxygen level range?
95%-100%
What term describes the series of blood flow-related events that occur from the beginning of one heart beat to the next?
Cardiac cycle
What part of the cardiac cycle determines the patient’s heart rate?
Frequency
Relaxation of the heart muscle
Diastole
Contraction of the heart muscle
Systole
Graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
What CT procedure incorporates the ECG in the scan?
Cardiac CT
Why is ECG used in cardiac CT?
Evaluate heart rhythm and cycle
What are the three distinct phases of the cardiac cycle?
Atrial systole
Ventricular systole
Complete cardiac diastole
What cardiac cycle consists of contractions of the left and right atria while corresponding to the onset of the P wave of the ECG?
Atrial systole
What cardiac cycle consists of contraction of the left and right ventricles while marking the beginning of the QRS complex of the ECG?
Ventricular systole
What cardiac cycle consists of the period of relaxation after heart contraction, ventricular and atrial diastole, and identified as the T wave of the ECG?
Complete cardiac diastole
What type of heart rate exhibits longer diastolic phases and yields higher-quality cardiac CT exams?
Slower heart rate
What medication may be used to reduce a patient’s heart rate?
B-Adrenergic receptor blocking agents (B-blockers)
What is the preferred heart rate to obtain optimal imaging on most multi detector CT systems?
65bpm
With use of a 64 slice CT scanner, and acquiring cardiac CT images at higher rates, what can be reduced for use only when clinically indicated?
Pharmaceutical intervention
What medication may be administered before the cardiac MDCT study, sublingually, in order to dilate the coronary vessels and improve their visualization?
Nitroglycerin
