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Mosby's Exam Review > Contrast Media > Flashcards

Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

What are two reasons contrast media is used during a CT procedure?

A

Increase contrast between and visibility of an atomic and pathological conditions

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2
Q

What two basic types of contrast are used in CT procedures?

A

Positive and negative

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3
Q

What class of substances do positive contrast agents belong to?

A

Radiopaque contrast media (RCM)

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4
Q

Name the two types of RCM used for CT?

A

Iodine and barium

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5
Q

Degree of radiopacity if an iodinated contrast agent is directly proportional to the agents concentration of what?

A

Iodine

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6
Q

The degree of radiopacity by a barium contrast agent is directly proportional to the agents what?

A

Concentration or barium

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7
Q

What are 5 ways that water-soluble iodinated contrast media may be administered?

A

Intravenously, directly into vein or artery, intrathecal/spinal canal, joint space, and orally/GI tract

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8
Q

What contrast medium is used to opacity the GI tract?

A

Barium sulfate

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9
Q

At what point of contrast opacification of vessels allows for visualization and differentiation from surrounding structures?

A

Initial opacification

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10
Q

What are three examples of diagnosis that contrast media aids in by opacifying these structures?

A

Aneurysm, thrombus, and stenosis

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11
Q

After a period of time, where is contrast media distributed in the body?

A

Extravascular space

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12
Q

What is the extravascular space?

A

Outside the blood vessel

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13
Q

Where is the intravascular space?

A

Inside the bloodstream

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14
Q

What can the interstitial redistribution of contrast aid in the diagnosis of soft tissue pathology?

A

Differentiate between normal and abnormal ST

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15
Q

What part of the kidneys becomes opacification as a result of kidney excretion or the contrast?

A

Renal collecting system

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16
Q

What structures are considered a part of the renal collecting system?

A

Renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder

17
Q

What process describes contrast media’s propensity to cause fluid from outside the blood vessel to move into the bloodstream?

A

Osmolality

18
Q

What are two main categories for iodinated RCM?

A

Ionic contrast media and no ionic contrast media

19
Q

Which iodinated RCM is made of salts consisting of sodium and/or meglumine?

A

Ionic contrast media

20
Q

What distinguishes ionic from nonionic contrast?

A

Ionic molecules disassociate in the blood stream whereas no ionic does not

21
Q

How many iodine atoms are in one molecule of ionic contrast?

A

3

22
Q

How many charged particles, from the one ionic molecule, disassociate when it interacts with the bloodstream?

A

2

23
Q

What is indicated when osmotic ions are created?

A

High-osmolar contrast media

24
Q

What are examples of HOCM?

A

Conray and Hypaque

25
Q

What is the name for conray?

A

Iothalamate meglumine

26
Q

What is the name for hypaque?

A

Diatrizoate sodium

27
Q

Which type of iodinated RCM are no salt chemical compounds containing three atoms of iodine per molecule?

A

Nonionic

28
Q

What is another name for nonionic contrast?

A

Low-osmolar contrast media

29
Q

What are examples of LOCM?

A

Omnipaque, isovue, and optiray

30
Q

What is the name for omnipaque?

A

Iohexol

31
Q

What is the name for isovue

A

Iopamidol

32
Q

What is the name for optiray?

A

Ioversol

33
Q

What factor in iodinated RCM greatly affects its potential for adverse effects in the patient?

A

Osmolality

34
Q

Which type of iodinated RCM is less likely to produce adverse side effects and/or reactions than ionic high-osmolar RCM?

A

Nonionic low-osmolar contrast agents

35
Q

What type of contrast has the same osmolality as blood and therefore may offer improved patient comfort and a reduced potential for untoward side effects?

A

Iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM)

36
Q

What is an example of IOCM?

A

Visipaue

37
Q

What is the name for Visipaque?

A

Iodixanol

Mosby's Exam Review (18 decks)

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