Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

What are two reasons contrast media is used during a CT procedure?

A

Increase contrast between and visibility of an atomic and pathological conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two basic types of contrast are used in CT procedures?

A

Positive and negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What class of substances do positive contrast agents belong to?

A

Radiopaque contrast media (RCM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the two types of RCM used for CT?

A

Iodine and barium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Degree of radiopacity if an iodinated contrast agent is directly proportional to the agents concentration of what?

A

Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The degree of radiopacity by a barium contrast agent is directly proportional to the agents what?

A

Concentration or barium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 5 ways that water-soluble iodinated contrast media may be administered?

A

Intravenously, directly into vein or artery, intrathecal/spinal canal, joint space, and orally/GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What contrast medium is used to opacity the GI tract?

A

Barium sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At what point of contrast opacification of vessels allows for visualization and differentiation from surrounding structures?

A

Initial opacification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are three examples of diagnosis that contrast media aids in by opacifying these structures?

A

Aneurysm, thrombus, and stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After a period of time, where is contrast media distributed in the body?

A

Extravascular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the extravascular space?

A

Outside the blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the intravascular space?

A

Inside the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can the interstitial redistribution of contrast aid in the diagnosis of soft tissue pathology?

A

Differentiate between normal and abnormal ST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What part of the kidneys becomes opacification as a result of kidney excretion or the contrast?

A

Renal collecting system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structures are considered a part of the renal collecting system?

A

Renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder

17
Q

What process describes contrast media’s propensity to cause fluid from outside the blood vessel to move into the bloodstream?

A

Osmolality

18
Q

What are two main categories for iodinated RCM?

A

Ionic contrast media and no ionic contrast media

19
Q

Which iodinated RCM is made of salts consisting of sodium and/or meglumine?

A

Ionic contrast media

20
Q

What distinguishes ionic from nonionic contrast?

A

Ionic molecules disassociate in the blood stream whereas no ionic does not

21
Q

How many iodine atoms are in one molecule of ionic contrast?

22
Q

How many charged particles, from the one ionic molecule, disassociate when it interacts with the bloodstream?

23
Q

What is indicated when osmotic ions are created?

A

High-osmolar contrast media

24
Q

What are examples of HOCM?

A

Conray and Hypaque

25
What is the name for conray?
Iothalamate meglumine
26
What is the name for hypaque?
Diatrizoate sodium
27
Which type of iodinated RCM are no salt chemical compounds containing three atoms of iodine per molecule?
Nonionic
28
What is another name for nonionic contrast?
Low-osmolar contrast media
29
What are examples of LOCM?
Omnipaque, isovue, and optiray
30
What is the name for omnipaque?
Iohexol
31
What is the name for isovue
Iopamidol
32
What is the name for optiray?
Ioversol
33
What factor in iodinated RCM greatly affects its potential for adverse effects in the patient?
Osmolality
34
Which type of iodinated RCM is less likely to produce adverse side effects and/or reactions than ionic high-osmolar RCM?
Nonionic low-osmolar contrast agents
35
What type of contrast has the same osmolality as blood and therefore may offer improved patient comfort and a reduced potential for untoward side effects?
Iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM)
36
What is an example of IOCM?
Visipaue
37
What is the name for Visipaque?
Iodixanol