Medical Devices And Lab Values Flashcards
Condition whereby the patient suffers from a low concentration of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxemia
Insufficient oxygenation of tissue at the cellular level
Hypoxia
What are symptoms that hypoxia can lead to?
Headaches, dizziness and nausea
What can hypoxia lead to on a more serious level?
Ataxia, tachycardia, and pulmonary hypertension
Loss of muscular coordination
Ataxia
Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary vasculature
Pulmonary hypertension
What can result if hypoxia is left untreated?
Cyanosis, low blood pressure and death
Blue coloration of the skin
Cyanosis
What can localized hypoxia result in?
Pain, cyanosis and gangrene
Substance considered as a drug and typically administered under the order of a physician
Oxygen
What unit measures the amount of oxygen delivered?
Liters per minute (LPM) or specific concentration (%)
Stored in either gas or liquid form
Oxygen
Supplied in metal tanks that accompany the patient or through an oxygen supply system that is integrated within the facility and accessed via a wall-mounted port within treatment or scan room
Oxygen gas
Supplied in concentrated form and more convenient manner in small, portable tanks
Oxygen liquid
Valve used to control the rate of oxygen gas delivery in LPM, may be mounted on the wall outlet, or attached to a portable cylinder and green in color
Oxygen flow meter
Two-pronged tube inserted into the nose for delivery of oxygen at 1-5 LPM
Nasal cannula
Simple oxygen face covering that sits over the patient’s nose and mouth to deliver oxygen flow rates of 6 LPM or higher
Oxygen mask
Type of oxygen mask that includes an attached reservoir that fills with oxygen and provides a higher percentage of delivery. Includes a one-way valve that prevents the patient from exhaling into the reservoir
Nonrebreathing mask
Device used when patients have an insufficient airway or the inability to maintain adequate oxygenation may require intubation with an endotracheal tube
Ventilator
Tube that has been inserted into the trachea through a surgical opening
Tracheostomy
Device used to drain fluid from the intrapleur space of the ill or injured CT patient
Thoracostomy/chest tube
Commonly used to reestablish and maintain proper intrapleural pressure in patients who have a fluid collection in the lungs or a pneumothorax
Chest tube
Fluid in the lungs
Pleural effusion or hemothorax
Free air in the pleural space
Pneumothorax
Catheter that remains in place to provide a physiologic function within the patient
In-dwelling catheter
Common location for an indwelling catheter and used to collect urine into a drainage bag
Bladder
Process by which a catheter has been placed into the bladder
Urinary catheterization
Includes a balloon that is inflated after insertion to keep it in place
Foley catheter
Catheter used for temporary drainage
Straight-type catheter
Why are lab values important for CT technologist to know?
For administering Iodinated contrast
What are three lab values that are used to evaluate kidney function?
BUN, creatinine, and GFR
What does BUN stand for?
Blood, urea, nitrogen
What is the normal BUN range in adults?
7-25 mg/dl
What lab value is not a sufficient indicator of renal insufficiency?
BUN
What is the normal creatinine range?
0.5-1.5 mg/dl
An elevated creatinine level of what value can sometimes, but not always, indicate renal function compromise?
> 1.5 mg/dl
What type of change in creatinine levels is an informative renal function indicator
Recent change
What is the normal BUN/creatinine ratio used to evaluate renal function?
6:1-22:1
What lab value is an approximation of creatinine clearance from the bloodstream?
GFR
What does GFR stand for?
Glomerular filtration rate
What are all the accumulated factors when determining a patient’s GFR?
Creatinine serum, age, sex and race
A GFR greater than what range indicates normal kidney function?
90-120 mL/min
What does a decreasing GFR indicate?
Decrease in kidney function
What is a measure of blood coagulation?
Prothrombin time (PT)
What is the normal range for PT?
12-15seconds
What protein is added to PT when the lab is testing the blood sample?
Tissue factor
What is calculated to standardize the PT results?
International normalized ratio
What is the normal range for INR?
0.8 to 1.2
Lab value used to detect abnormalities in blood clotting
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
What is the normal range for clotting time?
25-35seconds
What is the normal platelet count range?
140,000-440,000 per mm^3 of blood
What test is ran to diagnose DVT and PE?
D-Dimer
What happens with the D-Dimer test that indicates recently degraded blood clots?
Elevates
What scan is ordered to diagnose chest PE?
CTA of pulmonary arteries
Test used to screen for damage to the patient’s liver and consists of a panel of blood tests that measure the levels of various enzymes and proteins in circulating blood?
Liver function test
A patient in stage 1 of CKD has kidney damage with normal function and a GFR of what?
> 90
A patient with stage 2 CKD has mild loss of kidney function and a GFR of what?
89-60
A patient with stage 3a CKD has mild-to-moderate loss of kidney function and a GFR are of what?
59-44
A patient with stage 3b CKD has moderate-to severe loss of kidney function and a GFR of what?
44-30
A patient with stage 4 CKD has severe loss of kidney function and a GFR of what?
29-15
A patient with stage 5 CKD has kidney failure a GFR of what?
<15
What type of event do CT Techs benefit in when it comes to medicine administration?
Adverse drug event
Process of reviewing the patient’s medication record at all points of care, including admission, transfer of service and discharge
Medication reconciliation
What part of patient care does the medication name, dosage, frequency and route of administration apply to?
Medication record
What is the proprietary name for the generic drug warfarin?
Coumadin
What type of drug is Coumadin
Anticoagulant
What is Coumadin used for and how does it help reduce heart attack and stroke?
Blood clot formation in veins and arteries
Drug commonly named glucophage and used for type 2 diabetes treatment
Metformin
What classifies a patient using metformin to reduce the intake of the medication before and IV contrast exam and for up to 2 days post exam?
Patients with acute kidney injury or severe chronic kidney disease
What type of medication can be administered before a CT scan to reduce a patient’s anxiety?
Anxiolytic
What medication is a class of anxiolytic drugs including Valium, Xanax, Klonopin, and Ativan?
Benzodiazepines
What is the proprietary name for Valium?
Diazepam
What is the proprietary name for Xanax?
Alprazolam
What is the proprietary name for Klonopin?
Clonazepam
What is the proprietary name for Ativan?
Lorazepam
What are Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac, and Lexapro considered?
serotonin reuptake inhibitors
What’s the proprietary name for Paxil?
Paroxetine
What is the proprietary name for Zoloft?
Sertraline
What is the proprietary name for Prozac?
Fluoxetine
What is the proprietary name for Lexapro?
Escitalopram
