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ARRT > Patient care > Flashcards

Patient care Flashcards

1
Q

in _____ the U.S. Advisory commission on consumer protection and quality health care adopted a consumers Bill of Rights

A

1998 (replaced by patient care partenership)

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2
Q

on march 23, 2010 the _____ was signed into law as a way of putting consumers back in charge of their health care

A

Affordable care act

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3
Q

the HIPAA Privacy act was first signed into law in _____ and created national standards to protect individuals medical records and other personal health information

A

1996 (in april 2001 the department of health and human services enacted the HIPAA)

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4
Q

_____ are the rules of conduct enforced by a controlling authority

A

laws

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5
Q

_____ are laws that affect the individual rather than society as a whole

A

civil laws

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6
Q

_____ laws are enacted and enforced by federal or state legislators to help maintain the governmental right to uphold social order and protect individuals rights

A

statutory

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7
Q

_____ law is a form of law made by administrative agencies appointed by the president or government

A

administrative (federal agency ex. OSHA)

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8
Q

_____ law is court made law based on custom and usage

A

common (most malpractice laws are court made laws)

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9
Q

A _____ is a wrongful act, other than breach of contract for which the law provides a remedy

A

Tort (can by intentional or unintentional)

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10
Q

examples of intentional torts are?

A

assault, battery, invasion of privacy, and false imprisonment

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11
Q

_____ is the most common type of unintentional tort

A

negligence; failure to use responsible care

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12
Q

to prevail in a medical malpractice action, an injured person (the plaintiff) must prove the following 4 elements

A

duty (standard of care), breach (failure to meet standard of care), harm, and causation (failure of SOC was actual cause of injury)

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13
Q

what does resipsa loquitur mean?

A

the thing speaks for itself (the evidences tells all)

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14
Q

_____ consent is given by the patient either in writing or verbally

A

express

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15
Q

_____ consent is neither written or spoken by the patient, but understood from the circumstances surrounding the procedure

A

implied

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16
Q

_____ is a dereliction from ones medical professional duty that results in injury, loss or damage

A

medical malpractice

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17
Q

describes the procedure, clearly states risks and benefits, discusses possible outcomes/problems, discusses alternative treatments

A

informed consent

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18
Q

negligences is based on what 5 doctrines of liability?

A

master-servant, ostensible agency, borrowed servant, captain of ship, and resipsa loquitur

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19
Q

what is respondeat superior

A

“let the master answer” the employer is held liable

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20
Q

under the _____ doctrine, a hospital or healthcare facility can be held liable for a negligence, if the sonographer is a contractor

A

ostensible agency

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21
Q

under the _____ theory, all actions of hospital employees where attributable to the patients attending physician, physician was liable

A

borrowed servant

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22
Q

the _____ doctrine was in effect in operating rooms and held that the head surgeon was liable for all negligent actions of his or her surgical team

A

captain of the ship

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23
Q

_____ is a court document that requires a witness to appear and testify or to produce documents or papers pertinent to a pending controversy, under penalty

A

subpoena (served if you are involved in a lawsuit)

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24
Q

_____ is a system of valued behaviors and beliefs that govern proper conduct and character to ensure protection of individuals rights

A

ethics

25
Q

_____ has developed both a code of ethics and practice standards of sonographers

A

the society of diagnostic medical sonography

26
Q

_____ is the study of duty, moral obligation, and taking the right action

A

deontology (do your duty regardless of outcome)

27
Q

_____ is the study of evidence of the design and purpose of nature

A

teleology (believes an act is right if used to bring good outcome)

28
Q

_____ is the duty to promote and to act in the best interest of the patient and society

A

beneficence (would still give live transplants)

29
Q

_____ is the primary credo of the health professions: “above all do no harm”

A

nonmaleficence (would give someone else transplant)

30
Q

what are the 4 aspects of vital signs as indicators of functioning of the body?

A

temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure

31
Q

as a part of the assessment of vital signs, the sonographer should observe the patients total condition such as

A

color, skin temp, and patient feelings and reactions

32
Q

the _____ is the beat of the heart that can be felt as a vibration within the walls of the arteries

A

pulse (most common site is the radial artery; wrist)

33
Q

_____ and _____ can cause a weak, thready pulse, where as _____ can produce a bounding pulse

A

shock and hemorrhage; fever

34
Q

what is the normal pulse for an adult and newborn?

A

adult- 60 to 65 bpm newborn- 120 to 140 bpm child- 100 to 120

35
Q

the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange that occurs in the lungs is referred to as _____

A

respiration

36
Q

what is normal respiration in an adult?

A

16 to 20 breaths per min

37
Q

note difficultly in breathing (_____) or change in the patients color (______)

A

dyspnea; cyanosis or pallor

38
Q

_____ is the pressure that circulating blood exerts against arterial walls

A

blood pressure; highest when heart contracts (systolic) lowest between beats at rest (diastolic)

39
Q

what is normal adult blood pressure?

A

less than 120/80 mmHg; prehypertension to 139/89; stage 1 hypertension 140/90; stage 2 is 160/100; hypotension is 80/50; even if only one reading is off

40
Q

_____ measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood

A

pulse oximeters; normal is 95% - 100%

41
Q

with an IV, nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, or an increase pulse rate are signs of _____

A

circulatory overload

42
Q

with _____ immediately report any rapid increase in the amount of material being suctioned

A

NG tubes

43
Q

the _____ devices are the nasal cannula or nasal prongs, nasal catheter, or simple oxygen mask

A

low-flow

44
Q

_____ is a low flow device identified by the presence of a bag, which must remain constantly inflated by 1/3

A

partial rebreathing or reservoir mask

45
Q

the water level in the humidifying chamber should be high enough so that it _____ as the oxygen goes through it

A

bubbles

46
Q

a _____ catheter is a system used to provide temporary or permanent drainage of urine

A

retention or indwelling (most common is folly)

47
Q

when handling bed pans and urinals and their contents follow medical _____, standard precautions, and blood borne _____ standards

A

aseptic, pathogen

48
Q

if the patient feels nauseated, turn his or her head well to one to prevent _____ of vomit

A

aspiration

49
Q

if the appearance resembles dark _____ it is evidence of undigested blood

A

“coffee grounds”

50
Q

in january 2012, the _____ issued the National Patient safety goals (NPSGs) to promote specific improvement in patient safety

A

organizations (JCAHO)

51
Q

use at least _____ ways to identify patients

A

2

52
Q

take a _____ immediately before preforming a procedure, and right patient

A

timeout

53
Q

the most institutions, _____ must be ordered by a physician or change nurse and cannot be arbitrarily applied

A

restraints

54
Q

_____ is the use of correct movement during the performance of any activity

A

body mechanics

55
Q

when moving a patient be sure your feet are a _____ width apart to provide a strong base of support, stand with one foot slightly forward for balance and have the toes of the leading foot _____ in the direction of the activity

A

shoulder; point

56
Q

the use a gait belt, place the belt around the patients _____, over clothing with its buckle in front

A

waist

57
Q

when moving patient on to scanning table adjust the bed to _____ hight for the most comfortable position

A

elbow; remove any pillows and have them bend their knees

58
Q

when turning patients toward you place one hand on the patients shoulder and the other on the _____ and pull the patient toward you

A

hip

ARRT (9 decks)

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