Patient care Flashcards
in _____ the U.S. Advisory commission on consumer protection and quality health care adopted a consumers Bill of Rights
1998 (replaced by patient care partenership)
on march 23, 2010 the _____ was signed into law as a way of putting consumers back in charge of their health care
Affordable care act
the HIPAA Privacy act was first signed into law in _____ and created national standards to protect individuals medical records and other personal health information
1996 (in april 2001 the department of health and human services enacted the HIPAA)
_____ are the rules of conduct enforced by a controlling authority
laws
_____ are laws that affect the individual rather than society as a whole
civil laws
_____ laws are enacted and enforced by federal or state legislators to help maintain the governmental right to uphold social order and protect individuals rights
statutory
_____ law is a form of law made by administrative agencies appointed by the president or government
administrative (federal agency ex. OSHA)
_____ law is court made law based on custom and usage
common (most malpractice laws are court made laws)
A _____ is a wrongful act, other than breach of contract for which the law provides a remedy
Tort (can by intentional or unintentional)
examples of intentional torts are?
assault, battery, invasion of privacy, and false imprisonment
_____ is the most common type of unintentional tort
negligence; failure to use responsible care
to prevail in a medical malpractice action, an injured person (the plaintiff) must prove the following 4 elements
duty (standard of care), breach (failure to meet standard of care), harm, and causation (failure of SOC was actual cause of injury)
what does resipsa loquitur mean?
the thing speaks for itself (the evidences tells all)
_____ consent is given by the patient either in writing or verbally
express
_____ consent is neither written or spoken by the patient, but understood from the circumstances surrounding the procedure
implied
_____ is a dereliction from ones medical professional duty that results in injury, loss or damage
medical malpractice
describes the procedure, clearly states risks and benefits, discusses possible outcomes/problems, discusses alternative treatments
informed consent
negligences is based on what 5 doctrines of liability?
master-servant, ostensible agency, borrowed servant, captain of ship, and resipsa loquitur
what is respondeat superior
“let the master answer” the employer is held liable
under the _____ doctrine, a hospital or healthcare facility can be held liable for a negligence, if the sonographer is a contractor
ostensible agency
under the _____ theory, all actions of hospital employees where attributable to the patients attending physician, physician was liable
borrowed servant
the _____ doctrine was in effect in operating rooms and held that the head surgeon was liable for all negligent actions of his or her surgical team
captain of the ship
_____ is a court document that requires a witness to appear and testify or to produce documents or papers pertinent to a pending controversy, under penalty
subpoena (served if you are involved in a lawsuit)
_____ is a system of valued behaviors and beliefs that govern proper conduct and character to ensure protection of individuals rights
ethics
_____ has developed both a code of ethics and practice standards of sonographers
the society of diagnostic medical sonography
_____ is the study of duty, moral obligation, and taking the right action
deontology (do your duty regardless of outcome)
_____ is the study of evidence of the design and purpose of nature
teleology (believes an act is right if used to bring good outcome)
_____ is the duty to promote and to act in the best interest of the patient and society
beneficence (would still give live transplants)
_____ is the primary credo of the health professions: “above all do no harm”
nonmaleficence (would give someone else transplant)
what are the 4 aspects of vital signs as indicators of functioning of the body?
temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure
as a part of the assessment of vital signs, the sonographer should observe the patients total condition such as
color, skin temp, and patient feelings and reactions
the _____ is the beat of the heart that can be felt as a vibration within the walls of the arteries
pulse (most common site is the radial artery; wrist)
_____ and _____ can cause a weak, thready pulse, where as _____ can produce a bounding pulse
shock and hemorrhage; fever
what is the normal pulse for an adult and newborn?
adult- 60 to 65 bpm newborn- 120 to 140 bpm child- 100 to 120
the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange that occurs in the lungs is referred to as _____
respiration
what is normal respiration in an adult?
16 to 20 breaths per min
note difficultly in breathing (_____) or change in the patients color (______)
dyspnea; cyanosis or pallor
_____ is the pressure that circulating blood exerts against arterial walls
blood pressure; highest when heart contracts (systolic) lowest between beats at rest (diastolic)
what is normal adult blood pressure?
less than 120/80 mmHg; prehypertension to 139/89; stage 1 hypertension 140/90; stage 2 is 160/100; hypotension is 80/50; even if only one reading is off
_____ measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood
pulse oximeters; normal is 95% - 100%
with an IV, nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, or an increase pulse rate are signs of _____
circulatory overload
with _____ immediately report any rapid increase in the amount of material being suctioned
NG tubes
the _____ devices are the nasal cannula or nasal prongs, nasal catheter, or simple oxygen mask
low-flow
_____ is a low flow device identified by the presence of a bag, which must remain constantly inflated by 1/3
partial rebreathing or reservoir mask
the water level in the humidifying chamber should be high enough so that it _____ as the oxygen goes through it
bubbles
a _____ catheter is a system used to provide temporary or permanent drainage of urine
retention or indwelling (most common is folly)
when handling bed pans and urinals and their contents follow medical _____, standard precautions, and blood borne _____ standards
aseptic, pathogen
if the patient feels nauseated, turn his or her head well to one to prevent _____ of vomit
aspiration
if the appearance resembles dark _____ it is evidence of undigested blood
“coffee grounds”
in january 2012, the _____ issued the National Patient safety goals (NPSGs) to promote specific improvement in patient safety
organizations (JCAHO)
use at least _____ ways to identify patients
2
take a _____ immediately before preforming a procedure, and right patient
timeout
the most institutions, _____ must be ordered by a physician or change nurse and cannot be arbitrarily applied
restraints
_____ is the use of correct movement during the performance of any activity
body mechanics
when moving a patient be sure your feet are a _____ width apart to provide a strong base of support, stand with one foot slightly forward for balance and have the toes of the leading foot _____ in the direction of the activity
shoulder; point
the use a gait belt, place the belt around the patients _____, over clothing with its buckle in front
waist
when moving patient on to scanning table adjust the bed to _____ hight for the most comfortable position
elbow; remove any pillows and have them bend their knees
when turning patients toward you place one hand on the patients shoulder and the other on the _____ and pull the patient toward you
hip
