Patient Assessment Lectures

Question 1

What is the purpose of patient assessment?

Answer 1

Consistent and systemic process used to meet drug related needs of patients with self-care

Question 2

What are the three steps of patient assessment?

Answer 2

Information gathering
Integrate all patient information
Develop a plan of care/make appropriate recommendations

Question 3

What are key to patient assessment?

Answer 3

Good communication: listening, questioning, non-verbal communication
Uses of your senses: sight, sound, smell, touch, taste

Question 4

What does communication involve?

Answer 4

Active listening (making time, avoiding distractions, focus)
Utilize active listening techniques
Express understanding
Empathy

Question 5

What does speaking and questioning involve?

Answer 5

Asses what the patient already knows
Assess the patients needs/concerns
Explain reasoning for personal questions
Gethering necessary information to make the most appropriate recommendation
Need to knows: other meds, disease states, allergies/drug reactions

Question 6

Do’s of questioning?

Answer 6

Be concise, complete appropriate
Develop rapport
Show respect
ask one at a time
use open-ended questions

Question 7

Don’ts of questioning?

Answer 7

Ask unnecessary questions
Be arrogant, too loud, too quiet
Use medical terminology
Ask leading questions
Use closes ended questions

Question 8

What does QuEST stand for?

Answer 8

Quickly and accurately assess the patient
Establish that the patient is an appropriate self-care candidate
Suggest appropriate self-care stragies
Talk with the patient

Question 9

What is SCHOLAR-MAC?

Answer 9

Scholar: ask about current complants
Medications
Allergies
Conditions

Question 10

What does SCHOLAR stand for?

Answer 10

Symptoms
Characteristics: Siutation
History
Onset
Location
Aggravating factors
Remiting factors

Question 11

When should you make referrals?

Answer 11

Symptoms are too severe to be endured without diagnosis and treatment
minor symptoms but they are presistent
Repeatedly returning symptoms

Question 12

What to do if a referral is necessary?

Answer 12

Do not alarm the patient
Explain your reasoning
Specify the urgency
General care measure to follow
and OTC if necessary

Question 13

What should be review before suggesting a OTC (drug-related variables)?

Answer 13

Dosage forms available
What ingredients are in the OTC
Expected ADR
Effectiveness
Price

Question 14

You always want to match what two things when suggesting an OTC

Answer 14

Drug-related variables with patient related variables

Question 15

What are some patient related variables?

Answer 15

Age, allergies, gender, other diseases, ability to pay, preferences of patient

Question 16

What should you think about in special populations?

Answer 16

Different PK/PDs
Elderly: dentures, vision
Pediatrics: NOT just little adults
Pregnant: Safe meds

Question 17

What are some geriatric issues?

Answer 17

Often have multiple disease states
Take multiple prescription medications
Have a tendency to self-treat
Limited income
Are more prone to ADR

Question 18

How should you approach dosing in pediatrics?

Answer 18

Most labels give dose based on age
Most OTCs recommend for those over two years old
Most accurate: weight based

Question 19

What should you pay attention to for dosage forms?

Answer 19

Most children (4-7) can’t swallow tablets
Medications can be crushed or open and put in small amount of food or drink (EXCEPT enteric-coated or time release)
Elixirs contain alcohol
Syrups have high amounts of sugars
Suspensions are usually preferred

Question 20

Should you use household teaspoons?

Answer 20

NO, always use medication dosage devices

Question 21

Should you just hand over medication devices?

Answer 21

NO SHOW THE PATIENT HOW TO USE THEM

Question 22

What are medication issues with pregnant or lactating females?

Answer 22

Medication can cause great risk

Teratogenic risk, potential to cross the placenta

Question 23

Classification A means what?

Answer 23

Adequate/well controlled studies in women

Not shown to increase risk of abnormalities

Question 24

Classification B means what?

Answer 24

Animal reproduction –> no human
- No evidence of impared fertility or harm to fetus
Animal and human
- adverse events in animals but not humans

Question 25

Classification C means what?

Answer 25

Animal reproduction –> no humans
- evidence of adverse effect on fetus
- benefits may out weigh the risks
No animal studies

Question 26

Classification D means what?

Answer 26

Human data
Drug can cause fetal harm
Benefits may outweigh the risks

Question 27

Classification X means what?

Answer 27

Animal or human reports and/or marketing experience
- Fetal abnormalities demonstrated
Risk way outweigh the benefits