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OTC Test One > Heachache Lecture > Flashcards

Heachache Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of people have headaches at some point in their life?

A

90%

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2
Q

What are primary headaches?

A

Tension-type
Migraine
Medication-over use

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3
Q

What are secondary headaches?

A

Sinus

- Related to another condition (head trauma, aneurysm, infection, substance abuse)

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4
Q

Location, nature, onset, duration of tension-type headaches

A

Bilateral
Diffuse aching, tight pressing, constricting pain
More gradual
Minutes to days

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5
Q

Location, nature, onset, duration of migraine headaches

A

Unilateral
Throbbing, proceeded by an aura
Sudden
Hours to 2 days

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6
Q

Location, nature, onset, duration of sinus headache

A

Face, forehead or perioribital area
Pressure behind face and eyes
With sinus symptoms
Resolves sinus symptoms

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7
Q

What are elclusions for self-treatment of headaches?

A 
Severe head pain
More than 10 days
Last trimester
Less than 7
High fever
3+ alcoholic beverages daily
Secondary headache
Without diagnosis of migraine symptoms
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8
Q

What are the nonpharmacologic treatment for tension-type headaches?

A

relaxation and or stretching exercises

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9
Q

What are the nonpharmacologic treatment for migraines?

A

Avoid foods or situations that can trigger migraine
Stress management, good sleep hygiene
Cold packs

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10
Q

What are the nonpharmacologic treatment for sinus headaches?

A

Treat the underlying conditions

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11
Q

What are pharmacologic therapies for headaches?

A 
NSAIDs (Ibuprofen and Naproxen)
Aspirin
Acetaminophen
Combination therapy
No more than three days a week
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12
Q

What is the NSAIDs of MOA?

A

Reversibly inhibit central PG synthesis

  • COX1/2
  • PG reduces the sensitivity of pain receptors to pain impulses
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13
Q

All NSAIDs have what properties?

A

ANALGESIC (pain)
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
ANTIPYRETIC (fever)

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14
Q

NSAIDs admin, restrictions, onset, duration of action of Ibuprofen, naproxen?

A 
Take with food
No children under 12
30 minutes
Ibuprofen: 6-8 hrs
Naproxen: up to 12 hrs
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15
Q

What are the adverse reaction to NSAIDs

A

Primary GI effects: dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea
Potential for GI bleeding and fluid retention (TAKE WITH FOOD)
No congestive heart failure or renal insufficiency patients

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16
Q

NSAIDs interact with what other drugs?

A

Antihypertensive meds: raise blood pressure
Alcohol: risk of GI bleeding
Blood thinners: increase bleeding

17
Q

Adult dosing of Ibuprofen?

A

200-400 mg every 4-6 hours
Four doses a day
MAX of 1200 mg in 24 hours

18
Q

Adult dosing of Naproxen?

A

220 mg every 8-12 hours

MAX of 660 mg in 24 hours

19
Q

Pediatric dosing of ibuprofen?

A 
Suspension 100mg/5mL
Drops 50mg/1.25mL
5-10 mg/kg/dose
Four doses a day
Not under 2
20
Q

Pediatric dosing of naproxen?

A

Not under 12!

21
Q

Aspirin MOA?

A

Irreversibly inhibit PG synthesis, with effects on both COX-1/2
Peripheral action
ANALGESIC, ANTIPYRETIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES

22
Q

Aspirin admin and onset?

A

TAKE WITH FOOD
Depends on dosage form
Fast onset: effervescent tablets, buffered tablets, chewable tablets
Delayed: enteric-coated tablets and sustained release tablets

23
Q

Aspirin adverse effects?

A

Bleeding

GI upset and bleeding

24
Q

What drugs do aspirin interact with?

A

Asprin + NSAIDs = GI bleeding
- If necessary used PPI as well
Increases level of valproic acid which is used to treat seizures and behavioral disorders

25
Q

Adult dosing of Aspirin?

A 
81 or 325 mg
650-1000mg every 4-6 hrs
MAX of 4000mg daily
(need 4-6 g for anti-inflammatory effects)
MAX of 5 doses daily
26
Q

Pediatric dosing of Aspirin?

A

81 mg chewable asprin
10-15mg/kg every 4-6 hours
MAX five doses daily
Should be cautious in children under age of 15, could cause Reye’s Syndrome

27
Q

Acetaminophen MOA

A

Central inhibition of PG synthesis, no effects on COX

ANTIPYRETIC AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES

28
Q

Acetaminophen onset, duration and metabolism?

A

30 minutes
4 hours immediate release formulations- 12 hours for extended release
By the liver

29
Q

What is acetaminophen toxicity cause?

A

Acute liver failure in the US
Using with the addition of alcohol
Liver can’t metabolize the toxic metabolite by glutathione

30
Q

What are early symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity?

A

nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, confusion and ab pain

31
Q

What are late symptoms of toxicity?

A

Jaundice, easy bruising

2-4 days

32
Q

Adverse effects to acetaminophen?

A

Usually minor possible GI upset

Best tolerated

33
Q

Drug interactions with acetaminophen?

A

Alcohol- helpatotoxicity

Warfarin- Only with 2275 mg daily

34
Q

Adult dosage of acetaminophen?

A

325-1000mg every 4-6 hours
MAX of five doses daily
MAX 3000-3250 mg daily

35
Q

Pediatric Dosing of Acetaminophen?

A

Dosage form 160mg/5ml suspensions
Usually: 10-15mg/kg/dose
MAX of five doses a day

36
Q

What does excedrin have in it?

A

Acetaminophen 250 mg
Aspirin 250 mg
Caffeine 65 mg

OTC Test One (12 decks)

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