Pathophysiology of PVD

Question 1

where do peripheral artery plaques occur most often?

Answer 1

at bifurcations and extend down one end

Question 2

what is a true aneurysm?

Answer 2

bounded by complete but attenuated vessel wall components

Question 3

fusiform aneurysm

Answer 3

ovoid swelling parallel to long axis of vessel

Question 4

saccular aneurysm

Answer 4

bubble like or saclike outpouch

Question 5

dissecting aneurysm

Answer 5

hemorrhage into tunica media separates vessel wall layers

Question 6

where is a berry aneurysm found?

Answer 6

circle of willis at brain

Question 7

what disease is associated with aortic aneurysm

Answer 7

syphilis

Question 8

what disease is associated with aneurysm at ascending/descending aorta

Answer 8

cystic medial degeneration

Question 9

what is the usual cause of abdominal aorta aneurysm?

Answer 9

atherosclerosis

Question 10

what is the cause of inflammatory aneurysms?

Answer 10

atherosclerotic plaque rupture and increased inflammatory response

Question 11

two congenital disorders with aneurysm predisposition

Answer 11

marfan syndrome and Type IV ehlers danlos

Question 12

where is the abdominal aorta aneurysm usually found?

Answer 12

between renal and iliac arteries

Question 13

what is an aortic dissection?

Answer 13

when there is a rupture in tunica intima and blood leaks into the tunica media and spreads in that area

Question 14

what symptom to patients with aortic dissection present with?

Answer 14

usually a sever tearing chest pain

Question 15

two complication of aortic dissection

Answer 15

aortic rupture and occlusion of other arteries

Question 16

what imaging for aortic dissection

Answer 16

chest CT scan…it will show the line of the intima that remains between the “two” lumens

Question 17

what is goal of treatment for aortic dissection?

Answer 17

lower pressure…and wall stress

Question 18

what drugs to give for aortic dissection?

Answer 18

vasodilator and beta blockers

Question 19

two types and locations of aortic dissections

Answer 19

Stanford A-ascending aorta

Stanford B- descending aorta

Question 20

does aortic dissection mainly get men or women

Answer 20

men with hypertension

Question 21

define cystic medial degeneration

Answer 21

elastic tissue fragmentation in the aorta…leads to spaces filled with ECM and easy spots to allow for intima rupture

Question 22

5 cardiac problems with marfan syndrome

Answer 22

weakness of aortic media...aneurysm
rupture
aortic regurgitation
mitral valve prolapse
heart failure

Question 23

what protein is affected in marfan syndrome? and what does this protein help body lay down?

Answer 23

fibrillin-1 and elastin

Question 24

thrombosis in arteries are due to what? venous thombrosis is due to what?

Answer 24

arteries is plaque

venous is stasis

Question 25

4 types of emboli

Answer 25

air
placenta
thrombus
fat/bone marrow