Pathophysiological Processes

Question 1

An individual born with an immunodeficiency is referred to as

a.
a primary immune deficiency

b.
a hypersensitivity

c.
an autoimmune disorder

d.
a secondary immune deficiency

Answer 1

a. a primary immune deficiency

Question 2

IgE antibodies are specifically produced when

a.
a person has an infection

b.
a person has an autoimmune disorder

c.
a person is vaccinated

d.
a person has an allergy

Answer 2

d. a person has an allergy

Question 3

The excessive response to a relatively harmless antigen can cause harm to some people is referred to as

a.
immunodeficiency

b.
hypersensitivity

c.
autoimmune disorder

d.
self tolerance

Answer 3

b. hypersensitivity

Question 4

Which of the following cells is responsible for releasing IgE antibodies during an allergic reaction?

a.
B cells

b.
CD4 cells

c.
Mast cells

d.
T cells

Answer 4

a. B cells

Question 5

Which cell does HIV attack?

a.
Helper T cells

b.
macrophages

c.
B cells

d.
CD8 cells

Answer 5

a. Helper T cells

Question 6

Why does a person infected with HIV experience opportunistic infections?

a.
Due to an inappropriate acute inflammatory response

b.
Due to over-production of antibodies

c.
Due to increased T and B cell production

d.
Due to a depressed immune system

Answer 6

d. Due to a depressed immune system

Question 7

The initial priming of the immune system against an allergen involves IgE antibodies attaching to

a.
mast cells

b.
T helper cells

c.
B cells

d.
T cells

Answer 7

a. mast cells

Question 8

A local allergic reaction such as allergic rhinitis will display all the following features except

a.
bronchodilation

b.
redness

c.
excess mucous production

d.
vasodilation

Answer 8

a. bronchodilation

Question 9

A disease that involves the production of self-antibodies and activation of T cells against self-antigens found in the body is known as

a.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

b.
anaphylaxis

c.
an autoimmune disorder

d.
an allergic reaction

Answer 9

c. an autoimmune disorder

Question 10

All of the following an examples of autoimmune diseases except

a.
Lupus

b.
Psoriasis

c.
Multiple sclerosis

d.
AIDS

Answer 10

d. AIDS

Question 11

Adrenaline is administered to a person experiencing anaphylactic shock as it will cause all of the following except

a.
bronchodilation

b.
vasoconstriction

c.
excess mucous production

d.
increased heart rate

Answer 11

c. excess mucous production

Question 12

An autoimmune disorder develops due to the immune system no longer able to recognise

a.
self-antibodies

b.
B cells

c.
self-antigens

d.
infections

Answer 12

c. self-antigens

Question 13

A systemic allergic reaction to an allergen is referred to as

a.
an autoimmune disease

b.
an acquired immune deficiency

c.
anaphylaxis

d.
a primary immune deficiency

Answer 13

c. anaphylaxis

Question 14

The main chemical mediator in hypersensitivity is

a.
complement system

b.
histamine

c.
interferons

d.
adrenaline

Answer 14

b. histamine

Question 15

Which antibody is produced in an allergic reaction?

a.
IgE

b.
IgM

c.
IgA

d.
IgG

Answer 15

a. IgE

Question 16

All of the following are signs present in an individual who has untreated HIV infection except

a.
appearance of opportunistic infections

b.
cerebral atrophy

c.
weight gain

d.
lymphadenopathy

Answer 16

c. weight gain

Question 17

An immune deficiency acquired during the life span is referred to as

a.
an autoimmune disease

b.
a primary immune deficiency

c.
a secondary immune deficiency

d.
hypersensitivity

Answer 17

c. a secondary immune deficiency

Question 18

The inability to distinguish between self cells and non-self cells may lead to

a.
autoimmune diseases

b.
hypersensitivities

c.
tolerence

d.
acquired immunodeficiencies

Answer 18

a. autoimmune diseases

Question 19

What substance is present in an EpiPen that can counteract an anaphylactic reaction?

a.
Adrenaline

b.
Penicillin

c.
Histamine

d.
Antihistamines

Answer 19

a. Adrenaline

Question 20

Which of the following cells is responsible fore releasing histamine during an allergic reaction?

a.
Neutrophils

b.
B cells

c.
Mast cells

d.
T cells

Answer 20

c. Mast cells

Question 21

Opportunistic infection

Answer 21

infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with weakened immune systems, including people with HIV.

Question 22

Allergic rhinitis

Answer 22

inflammation of the inside of the nose caused by an allergen, such as pollen, dust, mould, or flakes of skin from certain animals.

Question 23

Autoimmune disease

Answer 23

A disease that involves the production of self-antibodies and activation of T cells against self-antigens found in the body