OVERVIEW OF BODY'S DEFENCES (1ST AND 2ND LINE OF DEFENCE) Flashcards
A chemical released by virus-infected cells to protect uninfected cells is called
a.
interferons
b.
complement
c.
keratin
d.
lysozymes
= Interferon
Which nonspecific defence cell specialises in attacking early cancer cells and virus-infected cells?
a.
Natural killer cells
b.
Neutrophils
c.
Mast cells
d.
Macrophages
= Natural killer (NK) cells
One of the ways in which normal flora benefit the host is by:
a.
providing nutrients for the growth of microorganisms
b.
inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms
c.
inhibiting the production of substances harmful to the host
d.
maintaining optimum gastric pH
= inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms
The main phagocytic cells in the body are
a.
macrophages and lymphocytes.
b.
neutrophils and basophils.
c.
macrophages and neutrophils.
d.
macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells.
= macrophages and neutrophils.
Examples of first line of defense include
a.
sebum, sweat and macrophages
b.
mucous, tears and neutrophils
c.
lysozymes, vasodilation and inflammation
d.
cilia, mucous and lysozymes
= cilia, mucous and lysozymes
Examples of second lines of defence include
a.
sebum
b.
lysozymes
c.
natural killer cells
d.
gastric acid
c.
natural killer cells
Saliva and tears contain this enzyme that destroys certain bacteria.
a.
Amylase
b.
Sebum
c.
Salivase
d.
Lysozymes
= Lysozymes
The aetiology (cause) of the acute inflammatory response could include
a.
pain, heat and swelling
b.
dust, bites and infection
c.
neutrophils, histamine and phagocytosis
d.
vasodilation, histamine and prostaglandins
= dust, bites and infection
The inflammatory response is characterised by
a.
attraction of erythrocytes to the injured site.
b.
vasoconstriction of local capillaries.
c.
increased vascular permeability to serum proteins in the inflamed area.
d.
resorption of interstitial fluid into the bloodstream
= increased vascular permeability to serum proteins in the inflamed area.
Which of the following is a feature of a wound that would heal by primary intention?
a.
There is some tissue loss to the wound
b.
Simple cut with no tissue loss
c.
Delayed closure of the wound
d.
Wound edges unable to come together easily
b.
Simple cut with no tissue loss
Which nonspecific defence cell specialises in attacking early cancer cells and virus-infected cells?
a.
Natural killer cells
b.
Macrophages
c.
Neutrophils
d.
Mast cells
a.
Natural killer cells
Which of the following is a part of the second line of defence against microorganisms?
a.
Cilia
b.
Sebum
c.
Phagocytes
d.
Gastric acid
c.
Phagocytes
The main phagocytic cells in the body are
a.
neutrophils and basophils.
b.
macrophages and neutrophils.
c.
macrophages and lymphocytes.
d.
macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells.
b.
macrophages and neutrophils.
Which of the following belongs to the proliferative phase of wound healing?
a.
Remodelling of collagen to increase tissue strength
b.
Formation of new epithelial tissue
c.
Vasoconstriction to stop bleeding
d.
Acute inflammatory response
b.
Formation of new epithelial tissue
Swelling from Acute Inflammatory Response (AIR) is due to
a.
migration of white blood cells into injured site due to chemotaxis
b.
leakage of fluid into surrounding tissue due to increased permeability of blood vessels
c.
leakage of fluid into surrounding tissue due to vasoconstriction of damaged blood vessels
d.
migration of red blood cells into injured site due to chemotaxis
b.
leakage of fluid into surrounding tissue due to increased permeability of blood vessels
chemotaxis
the migration of a cell in response to a chemical stimulus
opsonisation
a process that uses opson (an extracellular protein) to tag foreign pathogens to be eliminated by phagocytes
margination
the migration of WBC to the endothelium the membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels
diapedesis
the passage of blood cells through the walls of the capillaries
complement system
part of the body’s immune system that cleans up damaged cells and helps the body heal after an injury or infection
pathogen
an organism causing disease to a host causing a virus
phagocyte
a type of cell that engulfs and absorbs bacteria
interferons
chemical released by virus infected cells to protected uninfected cells
