Pathophysio

Question 1

pathology

Answer 1

investigation of structural alterations in cells, tissues, and organs which can help identify the cause of a particular disease

Question 2

pathogenesis

Answer 2

the pattern of tissue changes associated with the development of disease

Question 3

etiology

Answer 3

the study of the cause of the disease (infection, heredity gene environment interactions, alterations in immunity, malignancy, malnutrition, degeneration or trauma)

Question 4

idiopathic

Answer 4

diseases that have no identifiable cause

Question 5

iatrogenic

Answer 5

diseases that occur as a result of medical treatment (i.e some antibiotic can injure the kidney and cause renal failure)

Question 6

nosocomial

Answer 6

diseases that are acquired as a consequence of being in the hospital environment (infection developed as a result of a person’s immune system being depressed after receiving cancer treatment during a hospital stay

Question 7

diagnosis

Answer 7

naming or identification of a disease (made from evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory test, and imaging

Question 8

prognosis

Answer 8

expected outcome of the disease

Question 9

acute disease

Answer 9

sudden appearance of signs and symptoms that last for only a short time

Question 10

chronic disease

Answer 10

develops more slowly and the signs and symptoms last for a long time perhaps lifetime (can have a pattern of remission and exacerbation)

Question 11

remission

Answer 11

periods when the symptoms disappear or diminish significantly

Question 12

exacerbation

Answer 12

periods when symptoms becomes worse or more severe

Question 13

complication

Answer 13

the onset of a disease in a person who is already coping with another existing disease (ie a person who has undergone surgery to remove a diseased appendix may develop the complication of a wound infection or pneumonia)

Question 14

sequelae

Answer 14

unwanted outcomes of having a disease or are the result of trauma such as paralysis resulting from a stroke or severe scarring result from a burn

Question 15

clinical manifestation

Answer 15

signs and symptoms or evidence of disease

Question 16

signs

Answer 16

objective alterations that can be observed or measured by another person, measures of bodily functions such as pulse rate, blood pressure, body temperature, or wbc count.

Question 17

some signs are _______ and ___________

Answer 17

local (redness or swelling) and systematic (fever)

Question 18

symptoms

Answer 18

subjective experiences reported by the person with disease (pain, nausea, shortness of breath

Question 19

prodromal period of a disease

Answer 19

time during which a person experiences vague symptoms (fatigue, loss of appetite) before the onset of specific signs and symptoms

Question 20

insidious symptom

Answer 20

refers to a vague or nonspecific feelings and awareness that there is a change within the body

Question 21

latent period

Answer 21

time during which no symptoms are readily apparent in the affected person, but the disease is nevertheless present in the body

Question 22

syndrome

Answer 22

is a group of symptoms that occur together and may be caused by several interrelated problems or a specific disease.

Question 23

disorder

Answer 23

an abnormality of function; illness; particular problem

Question 24

epidemiology

Answer 24

study of tracking patterns or disease occurrence and transmission among populations and by geographic areas.

Question 25

incidence of a disease

Answer 25

number of new cases occurring in a specific time period

Question 26

prevalence of a disease

Answer 26

the number of existing cases within a population during a specific time period

Question 27

risk factors (predisposing factor)

Answer 27

increase the probability that the disease will occur, but these factors are not the cause of the disease (heredity, age, race, environment, lifestyle, gender)

Question 28

precipitating factor

Answer 28

condition or event that does cause a pathologic event or disorder (asthma is precipitated by exposure to allergen , angina is precipitated by exertion