chapter 1 cellular biology

Question 1

mitochondria

Answer 1

surrounded by a double lipid-bilayer membrane

participates in cellular energy metabolism

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

cell division, genetic information

parts: nuclear envelope, nucleus, (DNA and histones)

Question 3

plasma membranes

Answer 3

controls the composition of a space or compartment they enclose

Question 4

chemical components of plasma membrane

Answer 4

lipids, carbohydrates and proteins

Question 5

protein functions

Answer 5

receptors, transport, enzymes, surface markers, cell adhesion molecules, catalyts

Question 6

C.E phase 1 DIGESTION

Answer 6

extracellular breakdown of proteins, fats, polysaccarides to subunit

Question 7

phase 2: Glycolysis and oxidation

Answer 7

splitting of glucose

Question 8

Phase 3: citric acid cycle

Answer 8

waste products excreted, produces the most ATP

Question 9

oxidative phosporylation

Answer 9

occurs in mitochondria

mechanism producing energy from fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids and transferred to atp

Question 10

substrate phosporylation

Answer 10

anaerobic glycolysis

If O2 is not available, carb are converted to pyruvic acid and then converted to lactic acid

Question 11

passive transport

Answer 11

diffusion, osmosis, filtration

Question 12

active transport

Answer 12

Na/K pump

Question 13

electrical impulses

Answer 13

resting membrane potential
action potential (depolarization and repolarization)

Question 14

3 typles of cell junctions

Answer 14

Desmosomes
tight junctions
gap junctions

Question 15

Chemical signaling

Answer 15

Contact dependent
paracrine
autocrine
hormonal
neurohormonal

Question 16

metabolism

Answer 16

Chemical task of maintaining essential cellular functions
ANABOLISM: energy using process
CATABOLISM: energy releasing processs

Question 17

Adenosine Triphospate ATP

Answer 17

Created from the chemical energy contained within organic molecules
Used in synthesis of organic molecules, muscle contraction, and active transport
Stores and transfers energy

Question 18

4 basic types of TISSUE

Answer 18

epithelial
connective
muscle
neural

Question 19

epithelium

Answer 19

functions: it protects us from the outside world (skin)
absorbs - stomach and intestinal lining
filters the kidney
secretes - forms glands

Question 20

Connective tissue

Answer 20

Functions: wraps around and cushions and protects organs,
stores nutrients
internal support for organs
as tendon and ligament protects joints and attached muscles to bone and each other
Ground substance, fibers and cells
2 types: Loose CT and dense CT

Question 21

special connective tissue

Answer 21

cartilage, bone and blood

Question 22

nervous tissue

Answer 22

conducts impulses to and from body organs via nuerons

3 elements: brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 23

muscle

Answer 23

Responsible for body movement
moves blood food and waste through body's organs,
responsible for mechanical digestions
3 types: 
smooth, cardiac and skeletal