chapter 1 cellular biology Flashcards
mitochondria
surrounded by a double lipid-bilayer membrane
participates in cellular energy metabolism
nucleus
cell division, genetic information
parts: nuclear envelope, nucleus, (DNA and histones)
plasma membranes
controls the composition of a space or compartment they enclose
chemical components of plasma membrane
lipids, carbohydrates and proteins
protein functions
receptors, transport, enzymes, surface markers, cell adhesion molecules, catalyts
C.E phase 1 DIGESTION
extracellular breakdown of proteins, fats, polysaccarides to subunit
phase 2: Glycolysis and oxidation
splitting of glucose
Phase 3: citric acid cycle
waste products excreted, produces the most ATP
oxidative phosporylation
occurs in mitochondria
mechanism producing energy from fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids and transferred to atp
substrate phosporylation
anaerobic glycolysis
If O2 is not available, carb are converted to pyruvic acid and then converted to lactic acid
passive transport
diffusion, osmosis, filtration
active transport
Na/K pump
electrical impulses
resting membrane potential action potential (depolarization and repolarization)
3 typles of cell junctions
Desmosomes
tight junctions
gap junctions
Chemical signaling
Contact dependent paracrine autocrine hormonal neurohormonal
metabolism
Chemical task of maintaining essential cellular functions
ANABOLISM: energy using process
CATABOLISM: energy releasing processs
Adenosine Triphospate ATP
Created from the chemical energy contained within organic molecules
Used in synthesis of organic molecules, muscle contraction, and active transport
Stores and transfers energy
4 basic types of TISSUE
epithelial
connective
muscle
neural
epithelium
functions: it protects us from the outside world (skin)
absorbs - stomach and intestinal lining
filters the kidney
secretes - forms glands
Connective tissue
Functions: wraps around and cushions and protects organs,
stores nutrients
internal support for organs
as tendon and ligament protects joints and attached muscles to bone and each other
Ground substance, fibers and cells
2 types: Loose CT and dense CT
special connective tissue
cartilage, bone and blood
nervous tissue
conducts impulses to and from body organs via nuerons
3 elements: brain, spinal cord and nerves
muscle
Responsible for body movement moves blood food and waste through body's organs, responsible for mechanical digestions 3 types: smooth, cardiac and skeletal
