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Cardiopulm > Pathophys > Flashcards

Pathophys Flashcards

1
Q

A disease characterized by cough producing sputum for at least 3 months and 2 consecutive years.

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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2
Q

Pathology of Chronic Bronchitis (4)

A

1) ^ size of mucus glands
2) goblet cell hyperplasia w/ low #cilia
3) Cilia dysfunction/disruption of mucus blanket
4) Bronchiolar narrow

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3
Q

Etiology Of Bronchitis

A

-Long term irritation of tracheobronchial (smoking)

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4
Q

Smoking ____ goblet cells to secrete ____ mucus

A

Stimulate, more

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5
Q

Smoke ____ ciliary action leading to _____

A

Inhibits, chronic cough

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6
Q

Characteristics of bronchitis

A

1) “blue Bloater” b/c decreased PaO2
2) ^ PaCO2, normal pH
3) Polycthemia
4) ^ PAP and RVH

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7
Q

Exacerbation of CB

A

1) Increased sputum
2) V/q Abn.
3) hypoxemia
4) Increase RR

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8
Q

Alveoli Hyperinflated

A

Emphysema

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9
Q

Characteristic of Emphysema

A

1) Pink Puffer
2) SOB and thin build
3) Accessory muscles
4) ^ A-P diameter chest

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10
Q

Etiology Of emphysema

A

Uncertain with age, smokers with CB

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11
Q

Prognosis of CB and Emphysema

A
  • loss of lung fields

- Age is accurate predictor of death

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12
Q

Common cause of death in CB and Emphysema

A

CHF
resp failure
Pneumonia
PE

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13
Q

A disease characterized by increased responsiveness of trachea and bronchi to stimuli

A

Asthma

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14
Q

What happens during an asthma attack?

A

1) Lumen narrowed
2) Bronchial smooth muscle spasm
3) Inflammation of mucosa
4) Overproduction of mucus

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15
Q

Pathology of asthma

A

Allergic or intrinsic: for patients under 35

Nonallergic: pts over 35

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16
Q

Characteristics of asthma

A

1) nocturnal awakening
2) ^RR and accessory muscle
3) Wheezing
4) unproductive cough with chest tightness

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17
Q

Asthma attack lasting for hours

A

Status asthmatics

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18
Q

What happens in status asthmaticus?

A

Pt exhausted from breathing

  • quiet chest
  • medical emergency
  • need to be ventilated
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19
Q

Characteristics of Restrictive Disorders

A

Lungs prevented from expanding fully

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20
Q

Symptoms of Restrictive Disorders

A
  • SOB
  • Non-productive cough
  • very thin
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21
Q

How much VO2 need for work of breathing for normal and restrictive disorders.

A

5%

25%

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22
Q

Clinical Syndrome caused by acute lung injury and characterized by sever hypoxemia and increase alveoli permeability.

A

ARDS

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23
Q

Ards is associated with __.

A

Multi-organ Failure

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24
Q

Etiology of ARds

A
  • Trauma
  • Fat emboli
  • Transplant
  • Shock
  • Pneumonias
  • Aspiration
  • Drugs
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25
Q

Chronic inflammation inducing fibrosis, destruction, and distortion of lung parenchyma.

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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26
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis considered to be a progression of

A

Interstitial lung disease (IDL)

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27
Q

Most aggressive interstitial lung disease

A

IPF

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28
Q

Result of failure of lung repair process

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

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29
Q

Signs and Sxs of pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • rapid shallow breathing
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • fatigue
  • loss of appetite
  • weight loss
  • decreased breath sounds
  • digital clubbing……
  • cyanosis
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30
Q

Collapse of alveoli

A

Atelectasis

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31
Q

Caused by obstruction of bronchial airway or insufficient surfactant

A

Atelectasis

32
Q

Collapsed, airless alveoli ____ lung compliance and _______ work of breathing

A

Reduce, increase

33
Q

Inflammatory process of lung from infection of lower respirator tract

A

Pneumonia

34
Q

3 types of pneumonia

A

1) lobar
2) Bronchopneumonia
3) Walking

35
Q

Chest pain related to ischemia of myocardium

A

Angina Pectoris

36
Q

Where does angina pectoris refer?

A 
b/w scalp
Jaw
Ear
Teeth
UE
Neck
37
Q

CHD in post menopause ____ than pre

A

2-3x higher

38
Q

Women more likely to die from ____ wishin few weeks post

A

Heart attack

39
Q

Death within one year of initial MI

Women

Men

A

38%

25%

40
Q

Ratio of women who die from CVD

A

1 out of 2

41
Q

Ratio of women who die from CA

A

1 out of 27

42
Q

Who dies more from CVA

A

Women

43
Q

3 types of angina pectoris

A

Stable, unstable, and variant

44
Q

Which angina occurs during physical activity

A

Stable

45
Q

Characterized by substantial, non-radiating pain. 5-15 mins.

A

Stable angina

46
Q

Occurs during low level exercise

A

Unstable angina

47
Q

Unstable angina episodes are

A

More frequent and longer

48
Q

Unstable angina indicates

A

CAD progression

49
Q

Is unstable angina responsive to NTG

A

Nawww

50
Q

occurs as rest/ during walking

A

Variant angina

51
Q

Characteristic of variant angina

A

Intense pain, long duration, can lead to MI

52
Q

What is prescribed for stable, unstable and variant angina?

A

NTG
Hospitalization
Ca+ channel blockers

53
Q

Necrosis of portion of Myocardium

A

MI

54
Q

What is the pain of MI like?

A

Radiates, waxes and wanes. Doesn’t go away with NTG

55
Q

Full wall thickness MI

A

Transmural

56
Q

Only portion of wall involved in MI

A

Subendocardia (no q wave)

57
Q

Small infarction with no complications during recovery

A

Uncomplicated MI

58
Q

Conditions of complicated MI

A

1) dysrythmia
2) heart failure
3) thrombosis
4) Damage to structures

59
Q

Cardiogenic shock followed by death if

A

40% or greater of L ventricle involved.

60
Q

What can occur 1-2 weeks post MI

A

Ventricular wall rupture

61
Q

MI signals for women

A

1) Nausea
2) Fatigue
3) Dizziness
4) Pain waist up, jaw and neck, sleeping

62
Q

MI Risk factors for women

A 
Low HDLS
High triglycerides
Diabetes
Smoking (biggest)
Estrogen/menopause
63
Q

How is MI Dx

A

Echocardiography

64
Q

Blood clot from a stent

A

In-stent thrombosis

65
Q

Syndrome where heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to supply body

A

CHF

66
Q

CHF is

A

A group of clinical manifestations

67
Q

Left ventricular heart failure termed

A

CHF

68
Q

R ventricular heart failure referred to as

A

Cor pulmonale

69
Q

Cor pulmonale is caused by

A

Pulmonary patho

70
Q

CHF symptoms develop

A

Gradually

71
Q

RV backs up into….

LV backs up into…

A

RA then periphery

Lungs

72
Q

R side CHF Sx

A
  • dependent edema
  • hepatomegaly
  • ascites
  • fatigue
  • weight gain
  • cyanosis
  • low urine output
73
Q

L side CHF Sx

A
  • dyspnea
  • fatigue
  • rales
  • enlarged heart
  • tachypnea
  • cyanosis
  • irritability
  • restless
  • confusion
74
Q

Oral anticoagulant that inhibit production of reduced form of vitamin K

A

Warfarin

75
Q

What is warfarin indicated for

A

DVT, acute MI, emboli

Cardiopulm (13 decks)

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