Pathoma Pneumoconioses 12/07 Flashcards
Silicosis. What specialities?
Silica miners;
sandblasting;
foundaries (liejykla)
sandblasting;
foundaries (liejykla)
What pneumoconiose?
silicosis
when manifest silicosis?
initially asymptomatic, symptoms 10-20 years post exposure
Silicosis pathologic findings?
Birefringent silicate particles;
fibrotic silicotic nodules - in the center collagen, surrounded with fibroblasts and DUST-LADEN MACROPHAGES
Nodules are in the upper lobes of the lung
DUST-LADEN MACROPHAGES?
silicosis
fibrotic/collagenous nodules?
silicosis
silicosis increase risk of what?
tuberculosis - because impair phagolysosome formation by macrophages
Asbestosis. what specialities?
shipyard; textile; construction workers, plumbers/pipe work; insulation manufacturing and application; drywall workers
shipyard; textile; construction workers, plumbers/pipe work; insulation manufacturing and application; drywall workers
What pneumoconiose?
Asbestosis
Hallmark of asbestosis?
pleural PLAQUES
Asbestosis. Pathohisto?
- progressive fibrosis of lungs
- pleural plaques
Asbestosis. what tumors?
bronchogenic carcinoma (from bronchial epithelium) - most common
mezothelioma - second most common. For this highest risk factor ir asbestosis
Asbestosis. How look asbestos bodies?
long, golden-brown fibers with associated iron
asbestosis. sequence of events?
asbestos fibers -> epithelial cell injury -> activation of macrophages -> chronic interstitial inflammation -> fibrosis.
Mezothelioma. WHAT POSITIVE IMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY?
Cytokeratin and calretinin
Mezothelioma - pathohisto?
- cuboidal/flattened cells (epithelium like) OR spindle cells (stromal like).
- Cytokeratin and calretinin POSITIVE
- Electron microscopy: polygonal tumor cells with numerous long, slender microvili and ABUNDANT TONOFILAMENTS.
ABUNDANT TONOFILAMENTS. What tumor?
mezothelioma
How to differentiate between asbestos and other ferruginous bodies?
abestos body is TRANSLUCENT
coal workers pneumoconiosis. what population?
coal miners
Coal workers pneumoconiosis. how looks like lungs?
MASSIVE EXPOSURE –> DIFFUSE FIBROSIS (black lung)
Coal workers pneumoconiosis. associated with what?
rheumatoid arthritis (Caplan syndrome)
Coal workers pneumoconiosis. Mild exposure to carbon (eg polution) lead to what?
it results in ANTHRACOSIS (collection of carbon-laden macrophages). Not clinicaly significant
Coal workers pneumoconiosis. what happens with large and fine particles?
Larger particles become trapped by mucus secretions in the trachea, bronchi, and proximal bronchioles; these trapped particles are swept upward toward the pharynx by the collective beating of ciliated cells.
The finest particles (<2 µm) can travel past the highly ciliated airways into the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli, where they are phagocytized by alveolar macrophages.
Coal workers pneumoconiosis. what happens when macrophages engulf particles?
release of a number of cytokines that induce pulmonary inflammation. Growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor, are also released and stimulate fibroblasts to proliferate and produce collagen. This production results in progressive interstitial lung fibrosis that characterizes the pneumoconioses.
rheumatoid arthritis (Caplan syndrome) WHAT PNEUMOCONIOSE?
Coal worker’s
Beryllium. What specialities?
Beryllium miners and aerospace industry workers
aerospace industry workers?
Beryllium.
Beryllium. Histopathology?
NONCASEATING granulomas in the hillar lymph nodes and SYSTEMIC ORGANS
NONCASEATING granulomas in the hillar lymph nodes and SYSTEMIC ORGANS
Beryllium
Beryllium. Increase risk for what?
lung cancer
