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Renal Final > Pathoma Nephrotic Syndromes > Flashcards

Pathoma Nephrotic Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

nephrotic syndrome is characterized by what in the urine?

A
  • protein

> 3.5g/day

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2
Q

nephrotic syndrome characterized by proteinuria along with

A
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • hypogammaglobulinemia
  • hyper coagulable state
  • hiperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
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3
Q

hypoalbuminemia causes

A
  • pitting edema
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4
Q

hypogammaglobulinemia causes

A
  • increased risk of ifnection
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5
Q

hyper coagulable state in nephrotic syndrome due to

A
  • loss of antithrombin III
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6
Q

result of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolism

A
  • fatty casts in urine
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7
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A
  • minimal change disease
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8
Q

minimal change disease associated with

A
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
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9
Q

minimal change disease - on H&E stain

A
  • normal glomeruli
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10
Q

minimal change disease - pathology

A
  • effacement of foot process
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11
Q

minimal change disease - immune complex deposits?

A
  • none
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12
Q

minimal change disease - on immunoflouresence

A
  • negative
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13
Q

minimal change disease - what proteinuria occurs?

A
  • selective

- loss of albumin but not immunoglobulin

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14
Q

minimal change disease - response to steroids

A
  • excellent response
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15
Q

minimal change disease - damage is mediated by

A
  • cytokines from T cells
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16
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in hispanics and African Americans

A
  • focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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17
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with

A
  • HIV
  • heroin use
  • sickle cell disease
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18
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - on H&E stain

A

sclerosis of

  • some glomeruli
  • only part of glomerulus
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19
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - on EM

A
  • effacement of foot processes
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20
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - immune deposits?

A
  • none
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21
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - IF

A
  • negative
22
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - response to steroids

A
  • negative
23
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis can progress to

A
  • chronic renal failure
24
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in caucasian adults

A
  • membraneous nephropathy
25
Q

membraneous nephropathy associated with

A
  • Hep B or C
  • solid tumors
  • SLE
  • drugs
26
Q

what drugs is membraneous nephropathy associated with

A
  • NSAIDS

- penicillamine

27
Q

membraneous nephropathy on H&E

A
  • thick glomerular basement membrane
28
Q

membraneous nephropathy - immune complexes?

A
  • yes

- due to immune complex deposition

29
Q

membraneous nephropathy - IF

A
  • granular
30
Q

membraneous nephropathy - EM

A
  • sub epithelial deposits with spike and dome appearance
31
Q

membraneous nephropathy response to steroids

A
  • poor
32
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis on H&E

A
  • thick glomerular basement membrane

- tram-track appearance

33
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis due to

A
  • immune complex deposition
34
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis dividid into two types based on

A
  • location of deposits
35
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I deposited where

A
  • sub endothelial
36
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I associated with

A
  • HBV and HCV
37
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II deposits

A
  • intramembraneous
38
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II associated with

A
  • C3 nephritic factor
39
Q

role of C3 nephritic factor

A
  • stabilized C3 convertase

- leads to over activation of complement

40
Q

C3 levels in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

A
  • low
41
Q

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis response to steroids

A
  • poor response to steroids
42
Q

diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - high serum glucose leads to

A
  • nonenzymatic glycosylation of the vascular basement membrane resulting in hyaline ateriolosclerosis
43
Q

diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - which arteriole more effected

  • leads to
A
  • efferent arteriole

- high glomerular filtration pressure

44
Q

diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - hyper filtration leads to

A
  • microalbuminuria
45
Q

diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy progresses to

A
  • nephrotic syndrome
46
Q

diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - characterized by

A
  • sclerosis of mesangium

- formation of Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

47
Q

diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - treatment

A
  • ACE inhibitors slow progression of hyper filtration induced damage
48
Q

systemic amyloidosis - organ most involved

A
  • kidney
49
Q

systemic amyloidosis - amyloid deposits in

resulting in

A
  • mesangium

- nephrotic syndrome

50
Q

systemic amyloidosis - characterized by which test

A
  • Congo red stain

- apple green birefringence

Renal Final (13 decks)

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