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Pathoma Nephrotic Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

nephrotic syndrome is characterized by what in the urine?

A
  • protein

> 3.5g/day

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2
Q

nephrotic syndrome characterized by proteinuria along with

A
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • hypogammaglobulinemia
  • hyper coagulable state
  • hiperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
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3
Q

hypoalbuminemia causes

A
  • pitting edema
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4
Q

hypogammaglobulinemia causes

A
  • increased risk of ifnection
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5
Q

hyper coagulable state in nephrotic syndrome due to

A
  • loss of antithrombin III
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6
Q

result of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolism

A
  • fatty casts in urine
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7
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A
  • minimal change disease
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8
Q

minimal change disease associated with

A
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
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9
Q

minimal change disease - on H&E stain

A
  • normal glomeruli
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10
Q

minimal change disease - pathology

A
  • effacement of foot process
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11
Q

minimal change disease - immune complex deposits?

A
  • none
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12
Q

minimal change disease - on immunoflouresence

A
  • negative
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13
Q

minimal change disease - what proteinuria occurs?

A
  • selective

- loss of albumin but not immunoglobulin

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14
Q

minimal change disease - response to steroids

A
  • excellent response
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15
Q

minimal change disease - damage is mediated by

A
  • cytokines from T cells
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16
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in hispanics and African Americans

A
  • focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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17
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with

A
  • HIV
  • heroin use
  • sickle cell disease
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18
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - on H&E stain

A

sclerosis of

  • some glomeruli
  • only part of glomerulus
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19
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - on EM

A
  • effacement of foot processes
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20
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - immune deposits?

A
  • none
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21
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - IF

22
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - response to steroids

23
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis can progress to

A
  • chronic renal failure
24
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in caucasian adults

A
  • membraneous nephropathy
25
membraneous nephropathy associated with
- Hep B or C - solid tumors - SLE - drugs
26
what drugs is membraneous nephropathy associated with
- NSAIDS | - penicillamine
27
membraneous nephropathy on H&E
- thick glomerular basement membrane
28
membraneous nephropathy - immune complexes?
- yes | - due to immune complex deposition
29
membraneous nephropathy - IF
- granular
30
membraneous nephropathy - EM
- sub epithelial deposits with spike and dome appearance
31
membraneous nephropathy response to steroids
- poor
32
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis on H&E
- thick glomerular basement membrane | - tram-track appearance
33
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis due to
- immune complex deposition
34
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis dividid into two types based on
- location of deposits
35
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I deposited where
- sub endothelial
36
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I associated with
- HBV and HCV
37
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II deposits
- intramembraneous
38
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II associated with
- C3 nephritic factor
39
role of C3 nephritic factor
- stabilized C3 convertase | - leads to over activation of complement
40
C3 levels in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
- low
41
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis response to steroids
- poor response to steroids
42
diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - high serum glucose leads to
- nonenzymatic glycosylation of the vascular basement membrane resulting in hyaline ateriolosclerosis
43
diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - which arteriole more effected - leads to
- efferent arteriole | - high glomerular filtration pressure
44
diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - hyper filtration leads to
- microalbuminuria
45
diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy progresses to
- nephrotic syndrome
46
diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - characterized by
- sclerosis of mesangium | - formation of Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
47
diabetes mellitus glomerulonephropathy - treatment
- ACE inhibitors slow progression of hyper filtration induced damage
48
systemic amyloidosis - organ most involved
- kidney
49
systemic amyloidosis - amyloid deposits in resulting in
- mesangium | - nephrotic syndrome
50
systemic amyloidosis - characterized by which test
- Congo red stain | - apple green birefringence

Renal Final (13 decks)

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