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CPR Week 6 > Pathoma - Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Pathoma - Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States and when it hits

A

Lung Cancer, usually in your 60s

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2
Q

Key risk factors for Lung CA

A
  1. Cigarette smoke
  2. Radon
  3. Asbestos
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3
Q

What is the most dangerous part of smoking in regards to cancer?

A

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons - very oncogenic

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4
Q

“Coin Lesion” and what we do next

A

Solitary nodule 2 - 5cm that leads you to compare that Xray to other ones to see if there is change. Change indicates possible Lung CA, meaning biopsy next

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5
Q

Benign lesion examples

A

Granuloma - Often due to TB or a fungus

Bronchial hamartoma - Often calcified on imaging

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6
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

Benign tumor made of tissue in that area that is just disorganized

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7
Q

Bronchial hamartoma made of what?

A

Lung tissue and cartilage

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8
Q

Division of cancer types within Lung CA

A

Small cell carcinoma (15%)

Non-small cell (85%)

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9
Q

Treatment for non-small cell vs. small cell

A

Small cell = Radiation therapy to treat

Non small cell = surgical resection that does not respond to radiation

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10
Q

Major subtypes of non-small cell carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma - 40%
Squamos cell carcinoma - 30%
Large cell carcinoma - 10%
Carcinoid tumor - 5%

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11
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Gland affected or mucous production from cancer cells

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12
Q

Squamos cell carcinoma

A

keratin involved or bridges intracellularly

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13
Q

What cells do we call large cell carcinomas?

A

Don’t see glands, mucin, keratin pearls or bridges

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14
Q

Small cell carcinoma characteristic histology

A

Poorly differentiated small cells. Arises from neuroendocrine (Kultchitsky) cells

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15
Q

Bronchioalveolar carinoma histology

A

Columnar cells that grow along preexisting bronchioles and alveoli.

Arise from Clara cells

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16
Q

Histology for Carcinoid tumor

A

Well differentiated neuroendocrine cells, chromogranin positive

17
Q

Most common cancers that metastasize to the lungs

A

Breast and colon

18
Q

Most common tumor in male smokers

A

Squamos cell

19
Q

These two cancers are not related to smoking!

A

Bronchiovalveolar carcinoma

Carcinoid tumor

20
Q

These carcinomas are located strictly centrally

A

Small Cell

Squamos cell

21
Q

These carcinomas are located strictly peripherally

A

Bronchioloalveolar

Adenocarcinoma

22
Q

These carcinomas can be located centrally or peripherally

A

Large Cell

Carcinoid tumor

23
Q

Multiple cannon ball nodules on imaging

A

Metastasis to the lungs

24
Q

This carcinoma has rapid growth and early metastasis. Also produces ADH or ACTH and can cause _____ _____.

A

Small cell carcinoma and it can cause Eaton-Lambert Syndrome which is a paraneoplastic syndrome

25
Q

This cancer produces PTHrP

A

Squamos Cell

26
Q

This may present with pneumonia-like consolidation on imaging, excellent prognosis

A

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

27
Q

This cancer is chromogranin positive

A

Carcinoid Tumor

28
Q

This cancer has well differentiated neuroendocrine cells.

Which one has poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cells?

A

Carcinoid tumor

Poorly = Small Cell

29
Q

Discuss TNM staging

A

Use it when discussing lung CA

T: Size and location of the tumor
N: Spread to regional lymph Nodes
M: Unique site of distant spread is the adrenal gland

30
Q

How bad is the mortality rate for lung CA and why?

A

Pretty bad because we are so late in finding it

15% 5 year survival

31
Q

Local complications of Lung CA

A
  1. Pleural involvement
  2. Obstruction of SVC
  3. Involvement of recurrent laryngeal (hoarseness) or phrenic nerve (diaphragmatic paralysis)
  4. Compression of sympathetic chains (ptosis, pinpoint pupil, anhidrosis)
32
Q

Most common cancer in the pleura, in non smokers, and in females

A

Adenocarcinoma

CPR Week 6 (29 decks)

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