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Musculoskeletal > Pathoma - Joint Disorders > Flashcards

Pathoma - Joint Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoarthritis - what is it?

A

progressive degeneration of articular cartilage

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2
Q

Osteoarthritis - cause

A

“wear and tear” (mechanical)

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3
Q

Osteoarthritis- risk factors

A

Age, obesity, trauma

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4
Q

Osteoarthritis - pathobiology

A

disruption of cartilage lining articular surface

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5
Q

Osteoarthritis - joint findings

A 
osteophyte formation
Herber/Bouchard nodes (DIP/PIP involvement)
eburnation
sclerosis
joint space narrowing
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6
Q

Osteoarthritis - treatment

A

NSAIDS, corticosteroids

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7
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis - cause

A

chronic autoimmune dz

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8
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis - risk factors

A

HLA-DR4

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9
Q

Osteoarthritis - Clinical presentation

A

pain that gets worse at end of day/with use

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10
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis -joint findings

A

Pannus
increased synovial fluid
MCP/DIP joints involvement
joint deviation

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11
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis- pathobiology

A

inflammatory destruction of synovial joints

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12
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is RA?

A

Type III

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13
Q

What is pannus?

A

inflamed granulation tissue

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14
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis- clinical presentation

A 
Morning stiffness
symmetric joint involvement
systemic symptoms (fever, malaise,etc)
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15
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis- treatment

A

NSAIDS, corticosteroids, disease modifying agents (methotrexate, sulfasalazine, TNF-alpha inhibitors)

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16
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis - associated

A

vasculitis
Baker’s cyst
pleural effusions

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17
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis - labs

A

IgM autoantibody against Fc portion of IgG (RF)

18
Q

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies

A

arthritis with lack of rheumatoid factor

19
Q

SNSAs - location and risk factors

A

axial skeleton

HLA-B27

20
Q

SNSAs - diseases

A 
PAIR:
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome)
21
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis - population

A

young adults, mostly male

22
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis - clinical presentation

A

low back pain, bamboo spine (joints fuse)

23
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis - associated

A

uveitis and aortitis

24
Q

Psoriatic arthritis - involved joints

A

DIP of hands/feet (asymmetric involvement)

25
Q

Psoriatic arthritis - clinical presentation

A

“sausage fingers/toes”

26
Q

Psoriatic arthritis - x-ray

A

“pencil in cup” deformity

27
Q

Reactive arthritis (Reiter’s) - clinical presentation

A

arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis

(“can’t see, can’t pee, can”t climb a tree”

28
Q

Reactive arthritis (Reiter’s) - associated

A

post GI or C. trachomatis (chlamydia) infection

29
Q

Infectious arthritis - common causes

A

N. gonorrheae (#1)

S. aureus

30
Q

Infectious arthritis - clinical presentation

A

single joint

fever, increase WBCs

31
Q

Gout - cause

A

hyperuricemia

32
Q

Gout - crystals

A

Monosodium urate (MSU)

33
Q

Causes of secondary hyperuricemia

A

leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders
renal insufficiency
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

34
Q

Gout- clinical presentation (acute)

A

incredibly painful great toe

alcohol/meat consumption exacerbate

35
Q

Gout - clinical presentation (chronic)

A

tophi (white, chalky uric acid cystals)

renal failure

36
Q

Gout - labs

A

hyperuricemia

needle shaped crystals (negative birefringence) (yellow)

37
Q

Pseudogout - crystals

A

calcium pyrophosphate

38
Q

Pseudogout - labs

A

rhomboid shaped crystals (weakly + birefringence)

39
Q

Pseudogout - clinical presentation

A

large joints (knee)

40
Q

Gout - tx

A

acute- NSAIDs/corticosteroids

chronic xanathine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat)

Musculoskeletal (8 decks)

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