Pathology Study Guide 4 Flashcards
What gland secretes steroid hormones?
Adrenal gland
Sex hormones that tend to masculinize the body, retain amino acids, and enhance protein synthesis are called
Androgens
Which two hormones are know as the fight or flight hormones?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Another name for epinephrine is
adrenaline
_____________ syndrome is caused by an excess of glucocorticoid hormones.
Cushings
What are three primary malignancies that commonly metastasize to the adrenal glands?
Lung, Breast, Kidney
What gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?
Pituitary Gland
If hyperpitutarism in occurs in a person whose bone growth has ceased, then, ____________ Results
Acromegaly
Hypopituitarism in children causes a type of
dwarfism
What gland is located in the neck at the level of the larynx?
Thyroid
What modality is superior for imaging the thyroid gland?
NM
Excess thyroid hormone production from the entire gland results in
Graves’ disease
Enlargement of the thyroid gland not associated with inflammatory of neoplastic process and not initially associated with hyperthyroidism and myxedema is known as a
Goiter
A solitary _____ Nodule is the usual appearance of thyroid carcinomas on radioactive iodine nuclear medicine scans
Cold
How many parathyroid glands are in the body?
4
The hormones secreted by the parathyroid glands function to regulate ________ and ___________ levels in the blood
Calcium, Phosphate
Failure of the pancreas to secret insulin or a failure of target organs to respond to this hormone causes
Diabetes mellitus
___________ insulin or ___________ food can cause insulin shock
Too much, not enough
A diabetic patient is NPO for an upper GI exam. while waiting for the radiologist to arrive, the patient complains of feeling lightheaded, and you notice the patient is trembling. What is indicated by these symptoms in relation to your patients known condition? the painting is suffering from____________?
What should be done for this condition?
Insulin/Hypoglycemic Shock
They need some kind of sugar
A chancre on the genitals is characteristic of the primary stage of
Syphilis
A non itching skin rash
is a characteristic of the _______ stage of syphilis
Secondary
What stage of syphilis produces radiographic evidence of the disease?
Tertiary
Fibrous scarring of the fallopian tubes Is a serious complication of _______ in females
Gonorrhea
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can be demonstrated via what two modalities ?
US/CT
What male gland lies just beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra?
Prostate gland
What is the second most common malignancy in men?
Prostatic Cancer
The most common site of hematogenous metastasis of prostate cancer is to the
Bone
The condition of an ectopic of undescended testis is called
cryptorchidism
the twisting of the gonad on its pedicle is known as
testicular torsion
A pregnancy that implants somewhere other than the uterus is known as a
Eptopic Pregnancy
Venereal disease complications of intrauterine devices (IUDs) and multiple sexual partners are all causes of ___________ in women
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
What is the most common germ cell tumor in women?
Dermoid cyst (teratoma)
A _______________ is a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus
Uterine Fibroid (leiomyoma)
_________ carinoma most commonly occurs in postmenopausal women
Endometrial
A painful condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus is known as
Endometriosis
What screening tool is used to diagnose cervical cancer?
Pap Smear
What is the most common malignancy in women ages 44 to 50?
Breast cancer
Breast cancer commonly appears with imaging characteristics seen as a poorly defined __________ with fine, radiating _________
Mass, spicules
An abnormal breast enlargement in males Is known as
Gynecomastia
retinol is another name for vitamin
A
Night blindness is a characteristic of vitamin
A deficiency
Osteomalacia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin
D
Vitamin ___ is essential in the blood-clotting mechanism
K
Emaciation is caused by severe
Protein Caloric Malnutrition (AKA Kwashiorkor)
An excess of adipose tissue resulting from a consistent excessive caloric intake as compared with calories required, or used, by daily activities refers to
Obesity
________ is an extremely malignant skin cancer
Melanoma
A group of chronic inherited condition in which fat replaces muscle is known as
Muscular Dystrophy
_________ syndrome is an inherited generalized disorder of connective tissue with ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular manifestations.
Marfan’s
retro
Backward, Behind
infra
under, below
dys
bad, painful, difficult
a
without, not
post
after, behind
contra
again, opposite
-algia
pain
-ectomy
excision, removal
-itis
inflammation
-megaly
enlargement
-rrhea
discharge, flow
-listhesis
slipping
pneum/o
air, lung
arthr/o
joint
hepat/o
liver
rhin/o
nose
nephr/o
kidney
cholecyst/o
Galbladder
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
Cholecystectomy
Removal of gallbladder
spondylolisthesis
Slipping of the vertebrae
Hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
