Pathology Study Guide 2 Flashcards
Dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus are termed
Esophageal Varices
What is the most common abnormality found on upper GI exams?
Hiatal Hernia
In what age group is appendicitis most common?
Children and Adolescents
Which imaging modality is the gold standard for appendicitis?
CT
What technical factor adjustment is required when imaging a patient with known obstruction of the large bowel?
Lower kVp
Varicose veins of the lower end of the rectum that cause symptoms of pain, itching, and bleeding are called
Hemorrhoids
What type of gallstone is most prevalent in the US?
Cholesterol
What technical factor adjustment should be made for a patient that has known liver cirrhosis complicated by ascites?
Increase kVp
Free air in the peritoneal cavity is called?
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum is a sign of what condition in the GI tract?
Perforation of the bowel
Where does the process of digestion begin?
Mouth
Smooth muscle contractions that move the contents of the digestive system along the GI tract are called
Peristalsis
The twisting of a bowel on itself is called a
Volvulus
What is the most common cancer of the liver?
Hepatic Metastasis
Most pancreatic cancers occur in what portion of the pancreas?
head of the pancreas
The typical saw-tooth configuration demonstrated on a barium enema exam image above is evidence of what pathologic condition?
Diverticulosis
A miniature replica of a kidney is termed a
Hypoplastic Kidney
a rare anomaly in which there is a third, rudimentary kidney is termed a
Supernumerary Kidney
A kidney that is not located in the normal location is called an
Ectopic Kidney
When the kidneys are fused at their lower poles, they are termed a
Horseshoe Kidney
What is a cystic dilation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder called?
Ureterocele
What is the most common hospital-acquired infection?
Cystitis
What imaging modality is the safest and most accurate in detecting renal calculi?
Non-contrast CT
What is the most common unifocal mass of the kidney?
Renal Cyst
The most common renal neoplasm is a
Hypernephrona
What is the most common symptom of a renal neoplasm?
Painless Hematuria
What is the most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood?
Wilm’s Tumor
The most common congenital cardiac lesion that allows missing of the systemic and pulmonary circulations is known as a
Left to Right shunts
All left to right shunts can be complicated by the development of
Pulmonary Hypertension
Constriction of the aorta at the distal arch is termed
Coarctation of the aorta
What pathology will show up clinically as normal blood pressure in the upper extremities and low blood pressure in the lower extremities?
Coarctation of the aorta
What pathologic condition will cause ischemic heart disease as a result of decreased oxygen to the myocardium?
Coronary Artery Disease
The inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply to the tissues is called
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues is termed
Pulmonary Edema
The leading cause of strokes and CHF is
Hypertension
High blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure above _____mmHg and a diastolic pressure above _____mmHg
140,90
A localized dilation of an artery is termed an
Aneurysm
When an artery is dilated, or bulging, on only one side of the arterial wall, it is termed a
Saccular Aneurysm
When the entire circumference of the vessel wall is bulging, it is called a
Fusiform Aneurysm
A disruption of the intima of the aorta allowing blood to flow between the layers of the wall is called an
Aortic Dissection
An autoimmune disease that results form a reaction to a patient’s antibodies against antigens from a previous streptococcal infection is called
Rheumatic Fever
What structure are typically damaged by rheumatic fever?
Heart Valves (Mitral and Aortic)
The accumulation for fluid in the membrane surrounding the heart is termed
Pericardial Effusion
What is the major source of fatal pulmonary emboli?
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Dilated and tortuous superficial vein of the leg are called?
Varicose Veins
Deoxygenated venous blood returns from the heart to the lungs via the
Superior inferior vena cava
Deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs via the
Pulmonary Artery
Fatty material deposits on inner arterial walls is called
Atherosclerosis
Clot material in the circulating blood is called an
Embolus
Dead heart muscle cells is called a
Myocardial Infarction
An intravascular clot is called a
Thrombus
