Pathology Study Guide 2

Question 1

Dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus are termed

Answer 1

Esophageal Varices

Question 2

What is the most common abnormality found on upper GI exams?

Answer 2

Hiatal Hernia

Question 3

In what age group is appendicitis most common?

Answer 3

Children and Adolescents

Question 4

Which imaging modality is the gold standard for appendicitis?

Answer 4

CT

Question 5

What technical factor adjustment is required when imaging a patient with known obstruction of the large bowel?

Answer 5

Lower kVp

Question 6

Varicose veins of the lower end of the rectum that cause symptoms of pain, itching, and bleeding are called

Answer 6

Hemorrhoids

Question 7

What type of gallstone is most prevalent in the US?

Answer 7

Cholesterol

Question 8

What technical factor adjustment should be made for a patient that has known liver cirrhosis complicated by ascites?

Answer 8

Increase kVp

Question 9

Free air in the peritoneal cavity is called?

Answer 9

Pneumoperitoneum

Question 10

Pneumoperitoneum is a sign of what condition in the GI tract?

Answer 10

Perforation of the bowel

Question 11

Where does the process of digestion begin?

Answer 11

Mouth

Question 12

Smooth muscle contractions that move the contents of the digestive system along the GI tract are called

Answer 12

Peristalsis

Question 13

The twisting of a bowel on itself is called a

Answer 13

Volvulus

Question 14

What is the most common cancer of the liver?

Answer 14

Hepatic Metastasis

Question 15

Most pancreatic cancers occur in what portion of the pancreas?

Answer 15

head of the pancreas

Question 16

The typical saw-tooth configuration demonstrated on a barium enema exam image above is evidence of what pathologic condition?

Answer 16

Diverticulosis

Question 17

A miniature replica of a kidney is termed a

Answer 17

Hypoplastic Kidney

Question 18

a rare anomaly in which there is a third, rudimentary kidney is termed a

Answer 18

Supernumerary Kidney

Question 19

A kidney that is not located in the normal location is called an

Answer 19

Ectopic Kidney

Question 20

When the kidneys are fused at their lower poles, they are termed a

Answer 20

Horseshoe Kidney

Question 21

What is a cystic dilation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder called?

Answer 21

Ureterocele

Question 22

What is the most common hospital-acquired infection?

Answer 22

Cystitis

Question 23

What imaging modality is the safest and most accurate in detecting renal calculi?

Answer 23

Non-contrast CT

Question 24

What is the most common unifocal mass of the kidney?

Answer 24

Renal Cyst

Question 25

The most common renal neoplasm is a

Answer 25

Hypernephrona

Question 26

What is the most common symptom of a renal neoplasm?

Answer 26

Painless Hematuria

Question 27

What is the most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood?

Answer 27

Wilm’s Tumor

Question 28

The most common congenital cardiac lesion that allows missing of the systemic and pulmonary circulations is known as a

Answer 28

Left to Right shunts

Question 29

All left to right shunts can be complicated by the development of

Answer 29

Pulmonary Hypertension

Question 30

Constriction of the aorta at the distal arch is termed

Answer 30

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 31

What pathology will show up clinically as normal blood pressure in the upper extremities and low blood pressure in the lower extremities?

Answer 31

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 32

What pathologic condition will cause ischemic heart disease as a result of decreased oxygen to the myocardium?

Answer 32

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 33

The inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply to the tissues is called

Answer 33

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Question 34

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues is termed

Answer 34

Pulmonary Edema

Question 35

The leading cause of strokes and CHF is

Answer 35

Hypertension

Question 36

High blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure above _____mmHg and a diastolic pressure above _____mmHg

Answer 36

140,90

Question 37

A localized dilation of an artery is termed an

Answer 37

Aneurysm

Question 38

When an artery is dilated, or bulging, on only one side of the arterial wall, it is termed a

Answer 38

Saccular Aneurysm

Question 39

When the entire circumference of the vessel wall is bulging, it is called a

Answer 39

Fusiform Aneurysm

Question 40

A disruption of the intima of the aorta allowing blood to flow between the layers of the wall is called an

Answer 40

Aortic Dissection

Question 41

An autoimmune disease that results form a reaction to a patient’s antibodies against antigens from a previous streptococcal infection is called

Answer 41

Rheumatic Fever

Question 42

What structure are typically damaged by rheumatic fever?

Answer 42

Heart Valves (Mitral and Aortic)

Question 43

The accumulation for fluid in the membrane surrounding the heart is termed

Answer 43

Pericardial Effusion

Question 44

What is the major source of fatal pulmonary emboli?

Answer 44

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Question 45

Dilated and tortuous superficial vein of the leg are called?

Answer 45

Varicose Veins

Question 46

Deoxygenated venous blood returns from the heart to the lungs via the

Answer 46

Superior inferior vena cava

Question 47

Deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs via the

Answer 47

Pulmonary Artery

Question 48

Fatty material deposits on inner arterial walls is called

Answer 48

Atherosclerosis

Question 49

Clot material in the circulating blood is called an

Answer 49

Embolus

Question 50

Dead heart muscle cells is called a

Answer 50

Myocardial Infarction

Question 51

An intravascular clot is called a

Answer 51

Thrombus