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PVS > Pathology: Principles > Flashcards

Pathology: Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Define general pathology

A

The study of basic responses to cell insult and injury, irrespective of the organ or species. (cells)

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2
Q

Define systemic pathology

A

The study of alterations in specialised organs and tissues that are responsible for disorders that involve those organs (Kidney failure)

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3
Q

Define anatomic pathology

A

Examination of tissues taken in life (biopsy) or after death (necroscopy) to examine the nature and extent of the disease process

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4
Q

Define clinical pathology

A

Examination of the bodily fluids as well as cytology during life

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5
Q

What is aetiology

A

The cause of disease

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6
Q

What is internal aetiology?

A

Aging
Immunological defects
Genetic defects

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7
Q

What is external aetiology?

A

External: physical/chemical/biological
Deficiencies: Nutritional/environmental deficits

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8
Q

Define pathogenesis

A

Mechanisms of disease development

The sequence of events in the response of cells or tissues to the etiologic agent

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9
Q

Define inflammation

A

Vascular and interstitial changes that develop in rsonse to tissue injury which help to sequester, dilute and destroy the causal agent

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10
Q

Define healing

A

Involves angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) fibrosis (formation of fibrous collagenous connective tissue by fibroblasts) and epithelisation (the restorative process that heals wounds in epithelial tissue)

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11
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

Interaction of the blood coagulation system where platelets form, within the vascular lumen, an aggregate of fibrin and platelets (= a thrombus)

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12
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

Intrinsi genetic mutations in somatic cells that cause abnormal control of mitosis –> uncontrolled mitosis and cell growth

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13
Q

What is metabolic dysfunction?

A

Abnormalities or imbalances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism in the cells which leads to the accumulation of glycogen/fat/protien

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14
Q

What is a clinical diagnosis?

A

A diagnosis based on clinical history, exam and signs

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15
Q

What is a clinical pathologic diagnosis?

A

Based on changes observed in the chemistry of fluids and cytology

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16
Q

What is an aetiology diagnosis?

A

States the specific cause of the disease

17
Q

What is a disease diagnosis?

A

States the common name of the disease

18
Q

What techniques can we use for microscopic examination?

A 
Light microscope 
Electron microscopy 
Polymerase chain reaction ('PCR)
In situ hybridisation (ISH)
Genomics
19
Q

What is putrefaction?

A

Colour and texture changes, gas production and odours that are caused by post mortem bacterial metabolism and autolysis/decomposition

20
Q

What is rigor mortis?

A

Contraction of muscles occurring after death (due to depletion of ATP and glycogen; commences 1-6 hours after death and persists for 1-2d)

21
Q

What is Alor mortis?

A

Gradual cooling of the cadaver

22
Q

When does post mortem clotting occur?

A

Several hours after death

23
Q

What is haemoglobin imbibition?

A

Red staining of tissue (once the integrity of the blood vessels is lost haemoglobin is released by the lysed erythrocytes and penetrates the vessel wall)

24
Q

What is liver mortis?

A

Hypostatic congestion

Gravitational pooling of blood down to one side of the animal

25
Q

What is bile imbibition?

A

Bile in the GB penetrates and stings the adjacent tissues seen/yellow

26
Q

What is pseudomelanosis?

A

Blue-green discolouration of the tissue by iron sulphide (FeS) formed by the reaction of hydrogen sulphide generated by putrefactive bacteria and the iron from haemoglobin

27
Q

What causes bloating?

A

Pm bacteria formation in the lumen of the GI tract

28
Q

What causes the softening of tissues PM?

A

Autolysis of cells aided by putrefactive bacteria

29
Q

What causes lens opacity?

A

When the carcass is very cold or frozen, will reverse on warming

PVS (43 decks)

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