Pathology of the endocrine system

Question 1

Hormones are synthesised and stored in endocrine glands.

How do these appear histologically?

Answer 1

Packets of cells with secretory granules

Vascular

Ductless - only exocrine glands have ducts

Question 2

What disease processes can take place in endocrine organs?

Answer 2

Hyperplasia — Increased number and secretory activity of cells

Atrophy — diminution of cells due to lack of stimulation

Tissue damage — inflammation, autoimmune disease, trauma, compression

Neoplasia — Adenoma (functioning or non-functioning) or carcinoma which can be 1ry or 2ry

Congenital abnormality

Question 3

What end-stage hormones is the thyroid gland responsible for the production of?

Answer 3

T₃ and T₄

Calcitonin

Question 4

Identify the thyroid gland histology

Describe what each of the tings are

Answer 4

Follicular cells:

• Thyroglobulin synthesis, iodination, resorption & release of T4 and T3

Parafollicular cells - aka C-cells (not usually visible):

• Calcitonin

Colloid:

• Storage of inactive Thyroid hormones
• Contains thyroglobulins