Pathology of the endocrine system Flashcards
in hashimotos disease, what does the autoantibodies target?
thyroglobulin
thyroid peroxidase
what type of cell change is observed in hashimotos?
Hürthle cell change
what histological features would you find in goire?
distended colloid filled follicles
crowded follicles
haemorrhage, fibrosis, cystic change
modular appearance
what is the main feature of thyroid neoplasms histologically?
tumours are circumscribed and encapsulated
what thyroid cancer is associated with exposure to ionising radiation?
papillary carcinoma
what mutation is found in each of the Thyroid cancers?
- follicular
- papillary
- medullary
follicular = RAS papillary = BRAF mutation or RET/PTC gene rearrangement medullary = PET mutation (but 70% is sporadic)
what is a histological finding in medullary carcinoma?
amyloid deposition in surrounding tissue
what is secondary hyperparathyroidism due to?
physiological response to a decrease in serum Ca
what mutation is hyperparathyroidism associated with?
MEN 1
where is the pituitary gland located?
sella turtica (pituitary fossa)
what is the histology of the anterior pituitary like?
pink acidophils - GH & prolactin
purple basophils - ACTH, TRH, LH, FSH
pale chromophobes
what gene is a pituitary adenoma associated with?
MEN 1
what can cause pituitary hypo function?
compression by tumours i.e. craniopharyngioma, mets
trauma
infection i.e. sarcoidosis, TB
post partum ischaemic necrosis - sheehan’s syndrome
what is the main cause of pituitary hyper function?
pituitary adenoma
what is the most common original sites of adrenal metastasis?
lung
breast
