Complications of diabetes - micro and macro

Question 1

What are the micro vascular complications from diabetes?

Answer 1

Retinopathy
Neuropathy
Nephropathy

Question 2

What are the macro vascular complications from diabetes?

Answer 2

MI
Angina
Heart failure 
Peripheral vascular disease 
Cerebrovascular disease

Question 3

What is the treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 3

Later photocoagulation

Question 4

What can diabetic nephropathy lead to if untreated?

Answer 4

End stage renal disease

Question 5

What is the treatment for diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 5

Ace inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Renin inhibitors
Hypertension control

Question 6

What are the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy ?

Answer 6

Sensory loss, paraesthesia

Autonomic - GI upset, CVS (silent MI due to lack of feeling of ischaemia/chest pain)

Question 7

What are the consequences of diabetic neuropathy?

Answer 7

Decreased sensation particularly in the feet and lower limbs can lead to development to ulcers
And because of poor macro vascular circulation can lead to severe foot ulceration
Can lead to amputation

Question 8

Apart from retinopathy what other eye conditions can diabetes put you at risk of?

Answer 8

50 % increase risk of glaucoma

And 3 fold increase in cataract

Question 9

Why does diabetes cause macro vascular complications?

Answer 9

Diabetes speeds up progression of atherosclerosis
Glucose binds to LDL making it unable to be taken up by the liver
Increases LDL in plasma

Question 10

What are the complications of neuropathy in the feet?

Answer 10

Ulceration

Charcot foot