Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Physiology > Pathology of Pulmonary Infection > Flashcards

Pathology of Pulmonary Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What is a primary pathogen?

A

A very pathogenic organism that will infect everyone regardless of health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a facultative pathogen?

A

Will be unable to infect very healthy people with strong immune systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an opportunistic organism?

A

One that can only infect severely immunocompromised individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two things are taken into consideration when working out a persons ability to resist pulmonary infection?

A
  • Immune system state and state of frontline defences

- Age of patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is acute epiglottis?

A

Inflammation that leads to swelling of the epiglottis that can block the airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What bacterium is responsible for acute epiglottis?

A
  • Group A beta haemolytic streptococci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bacterium can cause a common secondary infection following epiglottis?

A

Haemophilus Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main aspect of respiratory defence?

A

Macrophage-mucociliary escalator system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What role do macrophages have in the respiratory system?

A
  • Endocytose foreign antigens

- Transport indigestible antigens to the mucociliary escalator to transport them out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What other system can macrophages use to transport material out of the lungs?

A

Lymphatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the mucociliary escalator move mucous out of the lungs?

A
  • Cilia beat in a coordinated fashion to move material out of the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the coughing reflex?

A

A rapid movement of air that carries material from the airways out of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens if the mucociliary elevator fails?

A

Things breathed into the lungs such as dirt etc will stay there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the first thing viruses infect in the lung?

A

Ciliated epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does a virus infecting the ciliated epithelium disrupt the mucociliary escalator?

A

It kills the cells it infects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do bacteria capitalise on the damaged epithelium?

A

They can then get passed the mucociliary escalator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What condition will the bacteria cause once they get passed the mucociliary escalator?

A

Pneumonia

18
Q

What other aspects of defence are there apart from macrophages and the mucociliary membrane?

A
  • Secretions

- The upper resp. tract acts as a filter

19
Q

How does the upper respiratory tract act as a filter?

A
  • Catches particles

- Has hair and mucus

20
Q

What is the other function of the upper respiratory besides acting as a filter?

A

Warming and humidifying the air we breathe to make it easier

21
Q

What is “the anatomical aspect pneumonia”?

A

How it looks on an X-ray

22
Q

What will “the aetiological aspect of pneumonia” help you predict?

A

The likely organisms involved

23
Q

What is “the microbiological aspect of pneumonia”?

A

Exactly what organism is involved

24
Q

What is community acquired pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia caught directly from the community.

25
Q

What other types of pneumonia exist besides community acquired?

A
  • HAI
  • Immunocompromised pneumonia
  • Atypical
  • Aspiration
  • Recurrent
26
Q

What is atypical pneumonia?

A
  • Lack of exudate in the alveoli

- Interstitum gets inflamed

27
Q

What is aspiration pneumonia?

A

Occurs when foreign bodies enter the bronchial tree

28
Q

What is indicated by recurrent pneumonia?

A

There is something systemically wrong

29
Q

What are the 5 different patterns of pneumonia?

A
  • Bronchopneumonia
  • Segmental/lobar
  • Hypostatic
  • Aspiration
  • Obstruction
30
Q

What is the pathology of bronchopneumonia?

A
  • Airways filled with pus and inflammatory exudate

- Bacterial

31
Q

Where in the lungs does the pus and inflammatory exudate of bronchopneumonia get deposited?

A
  • In the parenchyma

- Centrally acinar region

32
Q

What conditions is bronchopneumonia more common with?

A
  • Cardiac failure

- Chronic bronchitis

33
Q

How does segmental/lobar pneumonia differ from bronchopneumonia?

A
  • More aggressive organisms

- Inflammatory exudate fills a whole lobe or even the whole lung

34
Q

What is meant by a hypostatic pneumonia pattern?

A

Exudate pools at the bottom of the lung due to gravity

35
Q

If unresolved, what conditions can come about from pneumonia?

A
  • Pleurisy
  • Pleural effusion
  • Empyema
36
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

Excess fluid in the pleural cavity

37
Q

What is empyema?

A

When the pus in the pleural space is converted to fibrous tissue by the body

38
Q

When would a lung abscess form?

A
  • If lung tissue becomes necrotic
39
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

When more distal bronchi become dilated (pathology)

40
Q

What will be a result of the distal bronchi being more dilated?

A
  • Mucociliary elevator will fail
  • Pooling
  • Infection

Respiratory Physiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions