Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Physiology > Clinical Features and Management of COPD > Flashcards

Clinical Features and Management of COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What causes airway obstruction in COPD?

A

Small airway narrowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What endogenous substances and responses can make small airway narrowing worse?

A

Mucous and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does worsening of airway narrowing resulting in?

A
  • Breathlessness on less exertion
  • Coughing
  • Wheeze
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the gender predominance of COPD?

A
  • Male more than female
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the relationship between income and COPD?

A

Lower income households have a higher prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does COPD impact NHS?

A
  • Increasing prevalence
  • GP hours
  • Hospital beds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percentage of total COPD cases are linked to smoking?

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does maternal smoking contribute to COPD?

A
  • Reduces FEV1

- Increases chances of IRDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What occupations are associated with COPD?

A
  • Mining
  • Tunnel working
  • Construction
  • Farming
  • Any occupation involving exposure to dust
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of a1 antitrypsin?

A

Neutralise enzymes released by neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal genotype for functioning a1 antitrypsin?

A

FiMM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the abnormal genotype for a1 antitrypsin?

A

PiZZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many years do you have to smoke a pack a day to typically have smoking related COPD?

A

20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What conditions are involved in the differential diagnosis of COPD?

A
  • Asthma
  • Lung cancer
  • Left ventricular failure
  • Fibrosing alveolitis
  • Bronchiectasis
  • TB
  • PE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How should a diagnosis of COPD be done?

A
  • Eliminate all other possible diagnoses first
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What symptom differs asthma from COPD?

A
  • Asthma is a variable obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What systemic symptoms may a patient with COPD present with?

A
  • Cachexia

- Peripheral Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What other conditions should be considered if haemoptysis occurs?

A
  • Lung cancer
  • TB
  • Bronchiectasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does peripheral oedema suggest?

A
  • Cor pulmonale
  • Severe disease
  • Resp failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

With an adult with COPD, what might show in their childhood medical history?

A

Childhood asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What heart condition commonly shows in the PMH of a person with COPD?

A

Ischaemic heart disease

22
Q

What is important when taking a drug history of someone with suspected COPD?

A
  • Any inhalers

- Previous medications which may effect breathing

23
Q

What are the clinical SIGNS of typical COPD?

A
  • Breathlessness
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • Accessory breathing
  • Cyanosis
  • Flapping tremor
24
Q

Investigations needed before COPD diagnosis?

A
  • Spirometry
  • Full pulmonary function test
  • Lung volumes
  • CO gas transfer
  • Reversibility of obstruction from bronchodilators and oral corticosteroids
25
Q

After initial investigations rule out asthma, what other investigations could be done?

A
  • Chest x ray
  • Blood gases
  • FBC
  • ECG
  • Sputum
26
Q

If FEV1 is normal what does it indicate with regards to COPD?

A

It rules it out

27
Q

What spirometry results would indicate COPD?

A

FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%

28
Q

What chronic obstructive condition are you looking for when doing a pulmonary full functionality test?

A

Emphysema

29
Q

What can be seen from doing spirometry?

A

Fixed airflow obstruction

30
Q

What should happen to a patient with COPD in response to bronchodilators?

A

Minimal to no help

31
Q

What should happen to a patient with COPD in response to oral corticosteroids?

A

Minimal to no help

32
Q

If a suspected COPD sufferer responds to bronchodilators/oral corticosteroids what is probably going to be the diagnosis?

A

Asthma

33
Q

What may be seen on a chest X ray of a COPD sufferer?

A
  • Hyperinflated lungs
  • Flattened diaphragm
  • Bulla
34
Q

What do chest x rays help diagnose if it isn’t COPD?

A
  • Cancer
  • Interstitial disease
  • Left ventricle failure
35
Q

What does a decreased PaO2 and normal PaCO2 indicate?

A

Type 1 respiratory failure

36
Q

What does a decreased PaO2 and increased PaCO2 indicate?

A

Type 2 respiratory failure

37
Q

What is the condition called that means a high level of RBC’s and will be shown by a FBC?

A

Polycytheamia

38
Q

What might be found on a sputum test (MC&S)?

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus Influenzae
  • Moraxella Catarrhalis
39
Q

What CONDITIONS can cause an acute exacerbation of COPD symptoms?

A
  • Viral/bacterial infection
  • Pneumothorax
  • Trauma
40
Q

How should acute exacerbations of COPD be managed?

A
  • B2 bronchodilators
  • O2
  • Oral corticosteroids
  • Antibiotics
  • Diuretics
  • Resp. stimulant
41
Q

What is smoking cessation?

A

Quitting smoking

42
Q

What is the aim of smoking cessation?

A

Prevention of progression of disease

43
Q

What NHS management methods are there for COPD?

A
  • Inhalers
  • Vaccines
  • Rehabilitation
  • Long term oxygen therapy
44
Q

What lifestyle management methods are available?

A
  • Smoking cessation

- Nutritional changes

45
Q

What inhaled therapy options are there to relieve symptoms?

A
  • Short and long acting bronchodilators

- High dose corticosteroids

46
Q

2 examples of short acting bronchodilators?

A
  • Salbutamol

- Ipratropium

47
Q

2 examples of long acting bronchodilators

A
  • Umeclidinium (long acting anti-muscarinic agent)

- Salmeterol (long acting B2 agonist)

48
Q

2 examples of high dose inhaled corticosteroids?

A
  • Relvar

- Fostair MDI

49
Q

When is long term oxygen used?

A
  • PaO2 <7.3kPa

- Normal PaO2 but with polycythaemia, sleep apnea, peripheral oedema or pulmonary hypertension

50
Q

When should hospital admission of AECOPD be considered?

A
  • Tachypnoea
  • Low sats
  • Hypotension
51
Q

What steroid treatment is standard for AECOPD?

A

Prednisolone 40mg per day for a week

52
Q

How should AECOPD patients on the ward be monitored?

A
  • Try get sats to 92%
  • Nebulised bronchodilators
  • Corticosteroids
  • Antibiotics

Respiratory Physiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions