Pathology of GI Part 1 Flashcards
Most Common Type of Esophageal Atresia
Type C - Blind upper pouch and Fistula of esophagus and trachea
Ventral Herniation Enclosed in a membranous sac
Omphalocele
Failed Involution of the Vitelline Duct
Meckel’s Diverticulum
Hyperperistalsis and a firm, ovoid, abdominal mass with the size of an olive upon physical exam
Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
1) Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon is also known as
2) Obstruction of the ____ segment and dilation of the ____ segment
1) Hirschsprung Disease
2) affected (distal), proximal
Triad of Achalasia
Incomplete LES relaxation
Increased LES Tone
Aperistalsis of esophagus
Distal Esophageal Rupture
Boerhaave Syndrome
Form of esophagitis associated with severe vomiting secondary to alcohol
Mallory-Weiss Tear
Patched of red, velvety mucosa which extends upward from the gastroesophageal mucosa, alternating with normal esophageal mucosa
Barrett Esophagus
Causes of Esophageal Varices
Hepatic Schistosomiasis
Cirrhosis
Epidemiology
1) Adenocarcinoma of Esophagus
2) SCC of Esophagus
`1) Caucasian, male
2) African-American, males
Gastritis characterized by neutrophils, erosion
Acute Gastritis
Gastritis associated wtih lymphocytes and plasma cells predomination, mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia
Chronic Gastritis
What enzyme does H. Pylori contain that neutralizes gastric acid which tells the stomach to produce more gastric acid that causes chronic gastritis
Urease
The main damaging forces in Peptic Ulcer disease are
Gastric Acid and Pepsin
Most common site of peptic ulceration
1st portion of the duodenum
Peptic Ulcer Morphology
Necrotic Debris
Inflammation
Granulation Tissue
Scarring (Fibrosis)
Protective Factors for Peptic Ulcer
Surface Mucous Secretion Bicarbonate secretion Mucosal Blood flow Apical Surface Membrane Transport Epithelial Regenerative Capacity Elaboration of prostaglandins
Acute Peptic Ulcer associated with severe burns or trauma
Curling Ulcer
Acute Peptic Ulcer associated with intracranial injury or perforation characterized by coffee ground vomitous
Cushing Ulcer
Common location of benign tumors
Antrum
Most common mesenchymal tumor of the stomach associated with KIT or tyrosinase kinase activating mutations
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Gastric carcinoma associated with H. Pylori characterized by intestinal metaplasia in the setting of chronic gastritis. Associated with precursor lesions such as dysplasia and adenomas.
Intestinal type
Gastric carcinoma not usually associated with H. Pylori characterized by gastric mucous cells that resemble signet-rings. Not associated with precursor lesions.
Diffuse Type
Markedly thickened gastric wall and rugal folds are partially lost (flattening) in _____ (leather bottle appearance), usually seen in Diffuse Gastric Carcinoma.
Linis Plastica
