Pathology of GI Part 1

Question 1

Most Common Type of Esophageal Atresia

Answer 1

Type C - Blind upper pouch and Fistula of esophagus and trachea

Question 2

Ventral Herniation Enclosed in a membranous sac

Answer 2

Omphalocele

Question 3

Failed Involution of the Vitelline Duct

Answer 3

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Question 4

Hyperperistalsis and a firm, ovoid, abdominal mass with the size of an olive upon physical exam

Answer 4

Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Question 5

1) Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon is also known as

2) Obstruction of the ____ segment and dilation of the ____ segment

Answer 5

1) Hirschsprung Disease

2) affected (distal), proximal

Question 6

Triad of Achalasia

Answer 6

Incomplete LES relaxation
Increased LES Tone
Aperistalsis of esophagus

Question 7

Distal Esophageal Rupture

Answer 7

Boerhaave Syndrome

Question 8

Form of esophagitis associated with severe vomiting secondary to alcohol

Answer 8

Mallory-Weiss Tear

Question 9

Patched of red, velvety mucosa which extends upward from the gastroesophageal mucosa, alternating with normal esophageal mucosa

Answer 9

Barrett Esophagus

Question 10

Causes of Esophageal Varices

Answer 10

Hepatic Schistosomiasis

Cirrhosis

Question 11

Epidemiology

1) Adenocarcinoma of Esophagus
2) SCC of Esophagus

Answer 11

`1) Caucasian, male

2) African-American, males

Question 12

Gastritis characterized by neutrophils, erosion

Answer 12

Acute Gastritis

Question 13

Gastritis associated wtih lymphocytes and plasma cells predomination, mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia

Answer 13

Chronic Gastritis

Question 14

What enzyme does H. Pylori contain that neutralizes gastric acid which tells the stomach to produce more gastric acid that causes chronic gastritis

Answer 14

Urease

Question 15

The main damaging forces in Peptic Ulcer disease are

Answer 15

Gastric Acid and Pepsin

Question 16

Most common site of peptic ulceration

Answer 16

1st portion of the duodenum

Question 17

Peptic Ulcer Morphology

Answer 17

Necrotic Debris
Inflammation
Granulation Tissue
Scarring (Fibrosis)

Question 18

Protective Factors for Peptic Ulcer

Answer 18

Surface Mucous Secretion
Bicarbonate secretion
Mucosal Blood flow
Apical Surface Membrane Transport
Epithelial Regenerative Capacity
Elaboration of prostaglandins

Question 19

Acute Peptic Ulcer associated with severe burns or trauma

Answer 19

Curling Ulcer

Question 20

Acute Peptic Ulcer associated with intracranial injury or perforation characterized by coffee ground vomitous

Answer 20

Cushing Ulcer

Question 21

Common location of benign tumors

Answer 21

Antrum

Question 22

Most common mesenchymal tumor of the stomach associated with KIT or tyrosinase kinase activating mutations

Answer 22

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Question 23

Gastric carcinoma associated with H. Pylori characterized by intestinal metaplasia in the setting of chronic gastritis. Associated with precursor lesions such as dysplasia and adenomas.

Answer 23

Intestinal type

Question 24

Gastric carcinoma not usually associated with H. Pylori characterized by gastric mucous cells that resemble signet-rings. Not associated with precursor lesions.

Answer 24

Diffuse Type

Question 25

Markedly thickened gastric wall and rugal folds are partially lost (flattening) in _____ (leather bottle appearance), usually seen in Diffuse Gastric Carcinoma.

Answer 25

Linis Plastica