Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Urogenital System > Pathology of Female Genitalia 2: Corpus Uteri > Flashcards

Pathology of Female Genitalia 2: Corpus Uteri Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

List three forms that Abnormal Menstrual Bleeds May present as

A

Menorrhagia
Irregular Periods
Intermenstrual bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common diagnostic procedure for testing the endometrium

A 
Endometrial bx (biopsy)
Endometrial Curettage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Endometriosis

A

Presence of functioning endometrium (glands and stroma) in sites other than the uterine mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Presence of functioning endometrium (glands and stroma) in sites other than the uterine mucosa

A

Endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What percentage of women are affected by endometriosis

A

5-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endometriosis regresses after what stage of life

A

Menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endometriosis occurs most frequently in which structures of the FGT (female genital tract)

A

Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Pelvic peritoneum
Umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List three clinical symptoms/ complications of endometriosis

A

Pelvic pain
Infertility
Ectopic Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List three possible aetiologies for Endometriosis

A

Regurgitation (retrograde menstrual flow)
Metaplasia
Vascular Dissemination (of cancer cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Endometrium Hyperplasia

A

Excessive endometrial proliferation due to prolonged, unopposed hyperoestrogenism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List four causes of unopposed hyperoestrogenism in Endometrium Hyperplasia

A

Persistent failure of ovulation
Polycystic Ovaries (stein - leventhal syndrome)
Therapy with exogenous oestrogens
Oestrogen- secreting ovarian tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the three old classifications of Endometrium Hyperplasia
And the two new

A

Simple Hyperplasia
Complex Hyperplasia
Atypical Hyperplasia

Benign or Nonatypical
Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia EIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the percentage chance that Simple Hyperplasia progresses into endometrial adenocarcinoma

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What glandular changes are seen in Simple Hyperplasia

A

Glandular and Stromal proliferation

Glands become elongated and cystically dilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cause the glandular changes that are seen in Simple Hyperplasia

A

Oestrogen stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is there cellular Atypia present in Endometrium Simple Hyperplasia

A

Nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What glandular changes are seen in Endometrium Complex Hyperplasia

A

Marked proliferation of glands -

Crowding, touching, budding and branching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the lining epithelium in Endometrium Complex Hyperplasia

A

Hyperplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is there cellular atypia in Endometrium Complex Hyperplasia

A

No significant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the risk of progression of Endometrium Complex Hyperplasia to Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A

3-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is Cellular Atypia present in Endometrium Atypical Hyperplasia

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the chance of progression of Endometrium Atypical Hyperplasia to Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A

20-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define a Benign or Nonatypical Hyperplasia

A

It is equivalent to Hyperplasia without atypia ; low risk for Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True of false Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 is equivalent to Atypical Hyperplasia

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the commonest invasive cancer of female genital tract in US and most first world countries
Endometrial Carcinoma
26
The commonest incidence of Endometrial Cancer is at which stage of life
Postmenopausal (>50-60)
27
What is the origin of Endometrioid type Endometrial Cancer?
Glands
28
Type I Endometrial Carcinoma is usually associated with which pre existing condition of the FGT
Atypical Hyperplasia/ Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia EIN
29
Which type of Endometrial Carcinoma is considered the serous type
Type II
30
Does Type II (serous) Endometrial Carcinoma show association with preexisting Hyperplasia?
Nope
31
Type II Endometrial Carcinoma has a mutation of which gene as an early event
p53
32
``` Which has a worse prognosis Type I (endometrioid) or Type II (serous) ```
Type II (serous)
33
Where does Endometrium Carcinoma spread to first
Locally to invade the myometrium
34
Metastases of Endometrium Carcinoma occurs via
Lymphatics to pelvic and para-aortic nodes | Blood stream to liver, lung and bone
35
When does haematogenous spread of Endometrium Carcinoma occur
Late in the course of the disease
36
Which stage of endometrial carcinoma is confined to the corpus uteri
Stage I
37
Which stage of Endometrial Carcinoma involves the cervix
Stage II
38
Which stage of Endometrial Carcinoma occurs with extrauterine spread but is confined to the pelvis
Stage III
39
Which stage of Endometrial Carcinoma occurs with extrapelvic spread with or without involvement of bladder or rectum
Stage IV
40
What are the three classifications of Endometrial Sarcoma
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Adenosarcoma Carcinosarcoma ( Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumour, MMMT)
41
Define an Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
It is composed of malignant stromal cells - round and / or spindly Infiltrates the myometrium
42
Define Endometrial Adenosarcomas
They have a benign glandular component | Have a malignant stroma that may resemble that of endometrial stromal sarcoma or carcinosarcoma
43
What type of Endometrial Sarcoma They have a benign glandular component Have a malignant stroma that may resemble that of endometrial stromal sarcoma or carcinosarcoma
Adenosarcoma
44
What type of Endometrial Sarcoma It is composed of malignant stromal cells - round and / or spindly Infiltrates the myometrium
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
45
Define Carcinosarcoma (Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumour)
Have a malignant glandular component in addition to the malignant stroma
46
Which type of Endometrial Sarcoma is also called Carcinosarcoma
Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumour
47
Which type of Endometrial Sarcoma is also called Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumour
Carcinosarcoma
48
Sarcoma of the Endometrium affects which age women
Elderly
49
Describe Endometrial Sarcoma appearance
Large, polyploid mass, usually arising from fundus Fills Endometrial cavity Haemorrhagic and necrotic
50
Does Endometrial Sarcoma have a good prognosis
Poor | Especially if it spreads outside the uterus
51
Define Adenomyosis
Ectopic Endometrial glands and stroma in myometrium
52
List three symptoms of Adenomyosis
Abnormal uterine bleeding Dysmenorrhea Infertility
53
What are two clinical presentations of Adenomyosis
Enlarged uterus | Trabeculated myometrium
54
What is a Leiomyomata of the myometrium
Benign smooth muscle tumour of the myometrium
55
Benign smooth muscle tumour of the myometrium
Leiomyomata
56
List four symptoms of Leiomyomata
Asymptomatic Dysmenorrhea Infertility Compression symptoms: bladder rectum
57
Is malignant change of Leiomyomata rare or common
Rare
58
What are the three locations of the uterus you can find a leiyomata
Submucosal Intramural Subserosal
59
Describe the gross appearance of a fibroid
They are circumscribed, lobulated, firm masses of variable size with a white cut surface Histology ( interlacing bundles of smooth muscle fibers arranged in whorls)
60
Complications of fibroids in pregnant women
Inc the frequency of spontaneous abortion Fetal malpresentation Postpartum haemorrhage
61
The inactivation of which gene leads to type 1 Endometrial Carcinoma (endometrioid type)
PTEN tumour suppressor gene
62
What is the treatment for benign or non-atypical hyperplasia
Progestin (to combat unopposed œstrogènes stimulation) And repeated endometrial curettage
63
What is the treatment for atypical hyperplasia
Close follow up, biopsy every 3-6 months Possible hysterectomy
64
What is the term used to describe the gross appearance of a fibroid when it outgrows its supply ?
Red hepatization

Urogenital System (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions