Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urogenital System > 8a. Bleeding In Early Pregnancy > Flashcards

8a. Bleeding In Early Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of pregnancies experience early pregnancy bleeds

A

25%-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage of early bleed pregnancies go on to abort spontaneously

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are four Non pregnancy related causes of Early Pregnancy bleed

A

Cervicitis
Vaginitis
Vaginal lacerations
Cervical carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are four pregnancy related causes of early pregnancy bleeds

A

Physiological bleeding
Spontaneous miscarriage
Ectopic Pregnancy
Molar Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are two causes of physiological bleeding of early pregnancy

A

Bleeding secondary to implantation

Relative deficiency in hormones (progesterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physiological bleeding of early pregnancy is likely due to disruption of which vessels

A

Decidual vessels at the maternal-fetal interface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are four Clinical Features of physiological bleeding of early pregnancy

A

Bleeding is usually minimal
Bleeding usually occurs within the first eight weeks of pregnancy
No associated pelvic pain
No cervical dilatation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Physiological bleeding of early pregnancy usually occurs within which weeks of pregnancy

A

First 8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List three steps in management of Physiological Bleeding of early pregnancy

A

Avoid Strenuous activity
Folic acid 5mg daily
Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the prognosis for Physiological Bleeding of early pregnancy

A

Usually good 90%-96%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the fetal risks for Physiological Bleeding of early pregnancy

A

Slight increased risk for low birthweight,
Premature labour
Neonatal mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Spontaneous Miscarriage

A

It is a natural termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is capable of extra uterine life (<24 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List five clinical stages of miscarriage

A 
Threatened miscarriage 
Inevitable miscarriage 
Incomplete miscarriage 
Complete miscarriage 
Delayed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Threatened Miscarriage (TM)

A

A pregnancy presenting with bleeding before 24weeks of gestation

(Cervical orifice closed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A pregnancy presenting with bleeding before 24weeks of gestation

(Cervical orifice closed)

A

Threatened miscarriage TM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define an Inevitable Miscarriage IM

A

It is considered inevitable when there is bleeding and the cervical os is open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of Miscarriage presents with a bleed and the cervical os is open

A

Inevitable miscarriage IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define an Incomplete Miscarriage

A

This is the passage of some but not all of the products of conception POC
from the uterine cavity through the cervical canal before 24weeks of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of Miscarriage: This is the passage of some but not all of the products of conception POC
from the uterine cavity through the cervical canal before 24weeks of gestation

A

Incomplete Miscarriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define a complete miscarriage

A

This is characterized by the total expulsion of Products of conception and resolution of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of Miscarriage: This is characterized by the total expulsion of Products of conception and resolution of symptoms

A

Complete miscarriage

22
Q

Describe the Cervical os and Uterus in Complete Miscarriage

A

Cervical os is close

Empty uterus

23
Q

Define a delayed miscarriage DM/ missed abortion

A

Retention of a dead embryo

24
Q

Retention of a dead embryo

A

Delayed Miscarriage/ MissedAbortion

25
Q

Define a blighted ovum

A

Failure or absence of an embryo at a very early stage of pregnancy- a sac/ placenta grows with no fetus

26
Q

Failure or absence of an embryo at a very early stage of pregnancy

A

Blighted ovum

27
Q

List six causes of Spontaneous Miscarriage

A 
Chromosomal abnormalities 
Uterine or cervical factors
Endocrine causes
Immunological Disorders
Teratogens and Infections
Unknown
28
Q

Give an example of a teratogen that can lead to Spontaneous Miscarriage

29
Q

Give an example of an infection that can lead to Spontaneous Miscarriage

30
Q

What percentage of spontaneous miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities

31
Q

What percentage of spontaneous miscarriages are caused by uterine or Cervical factors

32
Q

What percentage of spontaneous miscarriages are caused by Endocrine causes

33
Q

What percentage of spontaneous miscarriages have unknown origin

34
Q

List three types of chromosome abnormalities that can lead to spontaneous miscarriage

A

Autosomal trisomy
Monosomy
Triploids

35
Q

Which chromosomal abnormality type most often causes spontaneous miscarriage

A

Autosomal trisomy

Trisomy 21, 18, 16

36
Q

What causes Monosomy (45XO; turner)

A

Loss of paternal sex chromosome

37
Q

Monosomy occurs in what percentage of Spontaneous Miscarriage

38
Q

Triploids occur in what percentage of Spontaneous Miscarriage

39
Q

What causes Triploids

A

It is the consequence of either dispermy or failure of extrusion of the second polar body

40
Q

List three uterine abnormalities that can lead to Spontaneous Miscarriage

A

Septate uterus
Fibroids (submucous)
Polyp >2cm diameter

41
Q

What are four Endocrine cause of Spontaneous Miscarriage

A

Poorly treated diabetes (type1/type2)
Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
Cushing Syndrome
PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)

42
Q

What are some clinical features of Spontaneous Miscarriage

A

Loss of pregnancy symptoms
Vaginal bleeding
Pelvic pain
Passage of products of conception POC

43
Q

Which tests are used to help predict or diagnose Spontaneous Miscarriage

A

Ultrasonography

With or without beta-hCG test

44
Q

Expectant management of Spontaneous Miscarriage is indicated in patients when the ultrasound test shows what results

A

Ultrasound detects little tissue in the uterus with low or falling hCG

45
Q

What is the medical management of Spontaneous Miscarriage

A

Misoprostal
Or//
Mifepristone (progesterone antagonist) and Misoprostal

46
Q

Outline the Surgical management of Spontaneous Miscarriage

A

Evacuation of retained products of conception ERPC

(Currettage/suction)

47
Q

List three steps in Post abortion care and counselling

A

Women advised to maintain Pelvic Rest ( nothing per vagina) until two weeks after evacuation

Grief counseling

Women who are Rh(D) -negative and unsensitized
Should receive Rh(D) -immune globulin following surgical events

48
Q

Why should
Women who are Rh(D) -negative and unsensitized
Should receive Rh(D) -immune globulin following surgical events

A

RHO (D) immune globulin is used to prevent antibodies from forming after a person or when a mother has RH negative blood and the baby is Rh positive blood

49
Q

What is the risk of miscarriage in future pregnancy after one miscarriage ?

50
Q

What is the risk of miscarriage in future pregnancy after two miscarriages

51
Q

What is the risk of miscarriage in future pregnancy after three or more miscarriages

Urogenital System (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions