Pathology of eye - incomplete Flashcards
what are the primary muscles of the eye
superior rectus
superior oblique
medial rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
lateral rectus
how quickly does a corneal abrasion heal
quick cell turn over - typically 24-48 hours
regeneration occurs at the limbus
what are complications of corneal abrasions
increase risk of infection
can develop inflammatory iritis
can have corneal laceration which is a full thickness injury
what is a corneal ulcer
infection that goes through multiple layers of the cornea
what can corneal ulcers be associated wtih
trauma, contracts, dry eyes (think Bells palsy)
what are the most common organisms associated with corneal ulcers
S. pneumoniae, pseudomonas and S. aureus
what is the presentation of a corneal ulcer
severe pain, FB sensation, discharge, injection of lid and conjunctivae, blurred vision
what can change with a corneal ulcer based on the location
visual acuity
what is keratitis
disease process involved in corneal ulcers
surrounding inflammation and disease process of the cornea
can lead to loss of vision
what is inflammation of the conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
what is the most common type of conjunctivitis
viral conjuncitivits
most commonly associated with adenovirus -also measles, influenza, mumps
what is the presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis
tends to have much more mucopurulent discharge
often causes lid adherence
what are the most common organisms with bacterial conjunctivitis
staphlococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis
if contacts: think Pseudomonas
what is hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
severe, diffuse infection of rapid onset (less than 12 hours)
m/c associated with N. gonorrhoeae
often with urethritis presents - will be more painful and have perauricular lymphadenopathy
sight threatening
what is a IgE mediated hypersensitivity
allergic conjunctivitis
leads to local mast cell degraulation and allergic reaction
typically bilateral
what is Pterygium
proliferative disorder hallmarked by the abnormal growth of fibrovascular conjunctival tissue
m/c starts along nasal aspect and reaches toward the cornea
what is pterygium associated with
large amount of UV light exposure - causes DNA, RNA changes
what is dacryocystitis
lacrimal sac inflammation
typically d/t infection (m/c staphylococcus pneumoniae)
when is dacryocystitis often seen
after viral URI - bacterial super infection
if not treated well - can lead to periorbital or orbital cellulitis
what makes up the lens
crystallins proteins compressed together to form clear structure
what are risk factors for cataracts
age
sunlight
smoking
ETOH
poor nutrition
metabolic syndrome
DM
HIV
high dose steroids
what is internal folding of the lower lid
entropion
what is eversion of the lower lid
ectropion
what is the meibomian gland
oil gland along the edge of the eyelid
secrete oil which keeps the tears from evaporating too quickly
what is the sebaceous gland on the eyelid
Zeis gland
what is the apocrine gland on the eyelid
moll gland
what is a occulsion of the meibomian gland that is non-infectious
chalazion
what is an infection of the meibomian gland
hordeolum (stye)
what is the recovery period for chalazion
absorbs over 2-8 weeks
what is the resolution period for hordeolum
typcially resolves in 2-4 days (ruptures)
what is a infection of the orbit (fat and ocular muscles)
orbital cellulitis
what is the presentation of orbital cellulitis
pain with eye movement, normal visual acuity (may decrease with time) and may be proptosis
what is an infection of the eyelid
perioribtal cellulitis
what is a rare complication of bacterial rhinosinusitis
orbital cellulitis caused by s. aureus and strep
what helps deliver nutrients to photoreceptor neurons
choroid
what help to keep the light in the neuron area
pigment epithelium
what are the photoreceptors
rods and cones
what are rods
black/white/grey vision in poorly lit environments. night vision. contains rhodopsin
what are cones
color and visual acuity under well lit conditions (photopic vision).
contains photopsin which helps pick up different colors of visible light spectrum
what eye disorder is typically associated with MS
optic neuritis
what is optic neuritis
inflammatory disease with demyelination of the optic nerve
what are the causes of optic neuritis
MS
viral infection
post vaccination
inflammation of surrounding structures
syphilis
TB
sarcoidosis
