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CABS 3 HEENT > Pathology of eye - incomplete > Flashcards

Pathology of eye - incomplete Flashcards

1
Q

what are the primary muscles of the eye

A

superior rectus
superior oblique
medial rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
lateral rectus

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2
Q

how quickly does a corneal abrasion heal

A

quick cell turn over - typically 24-48 hours
regeneration occurs at the limbus

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3
Q

what are complications of corneal abrasions

A

increase risk of infection
can develop inflammatory iritis
can have corneal laceration which is a full thickness injury

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4
Q

what is a corneal ulcer

A

infection that goes through multiple layers of the cornea

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5
Q

what can corneal ulcers be associated wtih

A

trauma, contracts, dry eyes (think Bells palsy)

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6
Q

what are the most common organisms associated with corneal ulcers

A

S. pneumoniae, pseudomonas and S. aureus

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7
Q

what is the presentation of a corneal ulcer

A

severe pain, FB sensation, discharge, injection of lid and conjunctivae, blurred vision

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8
Q

what can change with a corneal ulcer based on the location

A

visual acuity

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9
Q

what is keratitis

A

disease process involved in corneal ulcers
surrounding inflammation and disease process of the cornea
can lead to loss of vision

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10
Q

what is inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

conjunctivitis

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11
Q

what is the most common type of conjunctivitis

A

viral conjuncitivits
most commonly associated with adenovirus -also measles, influenza, mumps

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12
Q

what is the presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

tends to have much more mucopurulent discharge
often causes lid adherence

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13
Q

what are the most common organisms with bacterial conjunctivitis

A

staphlococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis
if contacts: think Pseudomonas

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14
Q

what is hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

severe, diffuse infection of rapid onset (less than 12 hours)
m/c associated with N. gonorrhoeae
often with urethritis presents - will be more painful and have perauricular lymphadenopathy
sight threatening

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15
Q

what is a IgE mediated hypersensitivity

A

allergic conjunctivitis
leads to local mast cell degraulation and allergic reaction
typically bilateral

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16
Q

what is Pterygium

A

proliferative disorder hallmarked by the abnormal growth of fibrovascular conjunctival tissue
m/c starts along nasal aspect and reaches toward the cornea

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17
Q

what is pterygium associated with

A

large amount of UV light exposure - causes DNA, RNA changes

18
Q

what is dacryocystitis

A

lacrimal sac inflammation
typically d/t infection (m/c staphylococcus pneumoniae)

19
Q

when is dacryocystitis often seen

A

after viral URI - bacterial super infection
if not treated well - can lead to periorbital or orbital cellulitis

20
Q

what makes up the lens

A

crystallins proteins compressed together to form clear structure

21
Q

what are risk factors for cataracts

A

age
sunlight
smoking
ETOH
poor nutrition
metabolic syndrome
DM
HIV
high dose steroids

22
Q

what is internal folding of the lower lid

A

entropion

23
Q

what is eversion of the lower lid

A

ectropion

24
Q

what is the meibomian gland

A

oil gland along the edge of the eyelid
secrete oil which keeps the tears from evaporating too quickly

25
Q

what is the sebaceous gland on the eyelid

A

Zeis gland

26
Q

what is the apocrine gland on the eyelid

A

moll gland

27
Q

what is a occulsion of the meibomian gland that is non-infectious

A

chalazion

28
Q

what is an infection of the meibomian gland

A

hordeolum (stye)

29
Q

what is the recovery period for chalazion

A

absorbs over 2-8 weeks

30
Q

what is the resolution period for hordeolum

A

typcially resolves in 2-4 days (ruptures)

31
Q

what is a infection of the orbit (fat and ocular muscles)

A

orbital cellulitis

32
Q

what is the presentation of orbital cellulitis

A

pain with eye movement, normal visual acuity (may decrease with time) and may be proptosis

33
Q

what is an infection of the eyelid

A

perioribtal cellulitis

34
Q

what is a rare complication of bacterial rhinosinusitis

A

orbital cellulitis caused by s. aureus and strep

35
Q

what helps deliver nutrients to photoreceptor neurons

A

choroid

36
Q

what help to keep the light in the neuron area

A

pigment epithelium

37
Q

what are the photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

38
Q

what are rods

A

black/white/grey vision in poorly lit environments. night vision. contains rhodopsin

39
Q

what are cones

A

color and visual acuity under well lit conditions (photopic vision).
contains photopsin which helps pick up different colors of visible light spectrum

40
Q

what eye disorder is typically associated with MS

A

optic neuritis

41
Q

what is optic neuritis

A

inflammatory disease with demyelination of the optic nerve

42
Q

what are the causes of optic neuritis

A

MS
viral infection
post vaccination
inflammation of surrounding structures
syphilis
TB
sarcoidosis

CABS 3 HEENT (6 decks)

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