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CABS 3 HEENT > 1000ft view vision > Flashcards

1000ft view vision Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of the eye

A

fibrous tunic
vascular tunic
sensory/neural tunic

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2
Q

what is part of the fibrous tunic

A

cornea
sclera

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3
Q

what is part of the vascular tunic

A

iris
choroid
ciliary body

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4
Q

what is part of the sensory/neural tunic

A

retina
vitreous humor

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5
Q

what is the sclera

A

white aspect of the eye - surrounds the eye
dense CT which assists with protection/shape
attaches to the cornea at the limbus

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6
Q

what is the point of attachment for eye muscles

A

sclera

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7
Q

what prevents light waves from scattering by absorbing them

A

sclera

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8
Q

What is the limbus

A

the area where the sclera attaches to the cornea

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9
Q

which cranial nerves affect the eyes

A

Cranial nerve II (vision)
CN IV - superior oblique
CN VI - lateral rectus
CN III - all other muscles

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10
Q

What creates the pupil

A

iris

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11
Q

what portion of the eye is vascular

A

iris

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12
Q

what nerve innervates the pupil

A

CN III

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13
Q

What is Miosis

A

sphincter pupillae helps to constrict

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14
Q

what is mydriasis

A

dilator pupillae helps to dilate

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15
Q

what is the job of the choroid

A

helps deliver nutrients to the photoreceptor neurons and assists with absorption of light by preventing reflection or scattering

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16
Q

where is the choroid located

A

vascular layer that wraps from the ciliary body around the posterior aspect of the eye

17
Q

What is the ciliary body

A

helps to pull the lens and allow for accommodation - attaches to the lens
secretes aqueous humour which fills the anterior chamber

18
Q

what is the lens of the eye

A

transparent structure that refracts light
can be pulled to alter the shape and focus light allowing for accommodation via the ciliary body
made up of capsule, epithelium and fibers

19
Q

what maintains the intracocular pressure

A

aqueous humour

20
Q

what is vitreous humour

A

thick, jelly like fluid in the posterior aspect of the eye
keeps intraocular pressure
born with set amount

21
Q

What is the canal of schlemm

A

where aqueous humour drains out of the eye

22
Q

where are tears made

A

lacrimal gland

23
Q

What is the meibomian gland

A

oil glands along edge of the eyelid
secretes oil which keeps tears from evaporating too quickly

24
Q

what is the Zeis gland

A

sebaceous gland

25
Q

what is the moll gland

A

apocrine gland

26
Q

where are the moll and Zeis gland located

A

on the eyelid

27
Q

what is the area with the highest visual acuity

A

macula lutea

28
Q

what does the fovea centralis contain

A

only cones

29
Q

what are the photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

30
Q

what are the cones

A

color and visual acuity under well lit conditions (photopic vision)
contains photopsin which helps pick up the different colors of the visible light spectrum (ones designated to red, green, blue)

31
Q

what are the rods

A

balck/white/grey vision in poorly lit environments. Night vision.
contrains Rhodopsin

32
Q

what are bipolar cells

A

in-between the photoceceptors and ganglion cells

33
Q

what are ganglion cells

A

long axons form together to create CN II (optic nerve)

34
Q

what is the process of vision

A

photon hits photoreceptor
chemical changes within the pigmented proteins (rhodopsin and photopsin)
this will cause cellular change allowing for ion exchange
hyperpolarized the cell
releases glutamate
stimulates bipolar cells - releases more glutamate
action potential to stimulate ganglion cells
area stimulated will be on the nasal hemi retina or temporal hemi retina
receives input from opposite side
stimulation travels along ipsilateral side of the optic nerve

35
Q

What is OD

A

Right eye

36
Q

What is OS

A

left eye

37
Q

what is IOP

A

intraocular pressure 11-21

38
Q

what is hemianopsia

A

loss of one half of vertical visual fields

39
Q

what is anisocoriaa

A

asymmetric pupil size

CABS 3 HEENT (6 decks)

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