Pathology ENT

Question 1

what is the most common anterior area of the nares that bleeds

Answer 1

keisselbachs plexus

Question 2

what atery typically bleeds in the posterior aspect of the nose

Answer 2

Sphenopalatine branch/carotid

Question 3

what is a possible complication of nasal trauma

Answer 3

septam hematoma
m/c within 24/72 hours after trauma

Question 4

where does the bleeding occur with septal hematoma

Answer 4

between perichondrium and cartilage of septum - can lead. to necrosis

Question 5

What are the symptoms of rhinitis

Answer 5

sneezing
rhinorrhea
congestion
nasal itching
cough

Question 6

what is choriza

Answer 6

runny nose, runny eyes, etc

Question 7

what are atopic triad patients at risk for

Answer 7

allergic rhinitis

Question 8

what is the hiatus semilunaris

Answer 8

connection of the maxillary sinus and the nose

Question 9

what is acute sinusitis

Answer 9

sudden onset which lasts < 4weeks

Question 10

what is subacute sinusitis

Answer 10

continues past the acute stage but < 12 weeks

Question 11

when do we prescribed antibiotics for sinusitis

Answer 11

after 2 weeks

Question 12

what are risk factors for sinusitis

Answer 12

anatomical abnormalities
decreased mucous transport
immunodeficiency
body positioning
cocaine, barotrauma, FB
oxygen use
NG tube

Question 13

what is halotosis

Answer 13

bad breath

Question 14

what are aphthous ulcers

Answer 14

aka canker sores
shallow, round ulcers with yellow central exudate

Question 15

when do aphthous ulcers usually occur

Answer 15

during times of stress and trauma
can be associated with malnutrition

Question 16

where does candida thrive

Answer 16

warm, moist and dark area (more likely under dentures)

Question 17

what are we considering if an adult has recurrent thrush

Answer 17

immunocompromised state:
HIV vs. inhaled corticosteroids

Question 18

what type of fungi is candida

Answer 18

gram positive with pseudohyphae look

Question 19

what is inflammation of the oropharynx mucous membranes

Answer 19

pharyngitis

Question 20

what is the most common cause of pharyngitis

Answer 20

m/c d/t infection (bacterial or infection)
viral: rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza, corona, etc
bacteria: GAS, group B/C strep, chlamydia, H. influenzae, candida or gonorrhea

Question 21

What is LPR

Answer 21

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease
acid reflux/heart burn

Question 22

what is laryngitis

Answer 22

inflammation of the vocal cords - hoarse voice
acute <3weeks
chronic > 3 weeks

Question 23

what is the most common cause of epiglotitis

Answer 23

infection

Question 24

what is seen on x-ray of a patient without epiglottitis

Answer 24

Thumb print sign

Question 25

what is the epiglottitis triad

Answer 25

drooling
dysphagia
distress

Question 26

what is peritonsillar abscess

Answer 26

suppurative deep space infection of the neck
pus collects between the palatine tonsil and pharyngeal muscles
Hot potato voice

Question 27

what innervates the salivary glands

Answer 27

autonomic nervous system

Question 28

why is saliva necessary

Answer 28

healthy dentition, mastication and allowing for tasting of food

Question 29

what is sailadenitis

Answer 29

swelling/inflammation of the salivary gland

Question 30

What is sialolithiasis

Answer 30

obstructive salivary stone
typically a calcified deposit - typically not infectious

Question 31

what is the most common cause of viral sialadenitis

Answer 31

mumps (paramyoxovirus, part of rubualavirus)