1000ft view nose, oropharynx and throat

Question 1

what makes up nasal mucous

Answer 1

immunoglobulins, lysozymes. lactoferrin

Question 2

what lines the septum

Answer 2

perichondrial layers
septal cartilage
periosteal layers
maxillar/palatine crest

Question 3

what supplies most of the face and scalp with blood

Answer 3

external carotid

Question 4

what supplies blood to the nose

Answer 4

small arterial branches off of the sphenopalatine and facial artery form the Kiesselbach’s plexus

Question 5

what type of glands secrete mucous

Answer 5

bowman glands onto the olfactory membrane

Question 6

what is the benefit of mucous

Answer 6

aids in trapping odors/chemicals - diffuses into mucous before stimulating the neural receptors

Question 7

what is the process of olfaction

Answer 7

odor soaks though mucous
binds to the receptor protein on cilia
converts ATP -> cAMP
opens Na+ ion channel gate
ions flow in -> increased electrical potential
depolarization and signal to the brain

Question 8

where does the initial smell sensation occur

Answer 8

medial olfactory area just anterior to the hypothalamus

Question 9

what are the different sinuses

Answer 9

maxillary
frontal
sphenoidal
ethmoidal

Question 10

what is the largest of the sinuses

Answer 10

maxillary

Question 11

how does the maxillary sinus connect to the nasal cavity

Answer 11

hiatus semilunaris at the roof of the sinus

Question 12

how does the frontal sinus drain

Answer 12

through the hiatus semilunaris

Question 13

what are the borders of the maxillary sinus

Answer 13

superiorly: inferior wall of the orbit
inferiorly: nasal cavity and teeth

Question 14

how many taste cells do each taste bud contain

Answer 14

100

Question 15

what is the most sensitive taste

Answer 15

bitter

Question 16

what makes up a taste pore

Answer 16

taste cells coming together with microvilli

Question 17

what nerves assist with taste

Answer 17

chorda tympani and lingual nerve come together
CN 7

Question 18

what do the tonsils contain

Answer 18

lymphoid tissue with T&B cells
protect against inhaled or ingested pathogens

Question 19

what are the types of tonsils

Answer 19

palatine tonsils (tonsils) and pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Question 20

what are the major salivary glands

Answer 20

parotid, submandibular and sublingual
account of 95% of salivary production

Question 21

what innervates the salivary glands

Answer 21

autonomic nervous system

Question 22

why is saliva necessary

Answer 22

healthy dentition, mastication and allow for tasting food

Question 23

where is the cricoid cartilage

Answer 23

inferior to thyroid cartilage. marks end of larynx

Question 24

where is the epiglottic cartilage

Answer 24

attaches to the thyroid cartilage and supports epiglottis
elastic cartilage

Question 25

what are the purposes of Arytenoid cartilage and Corniculate cartilage

Answer 25

serves as sites for muscles that regulate tension on vocal cords and aid in closing larynx during swallowing

Question 26

what is the cuneiform cartilage

Answer 26

in mucous membrane - stiffen soft tissue

Question 27

what is the primary function of the larynx

Answer 27

voice production/speech

Question 28

what are the false vocal cords

Answer 28

vestibular folds - close off glottis to keep food out