1000ft view nose, oropharynx and throat Flashcards
what makes up nasal mucous
immunoglobulins, lysozymes. lactoferrin
what lines the septum
perichondrial layers
septal cartilage
periosteal layers
maxillar/palatine crest
what supplies most of the face and scalp with blood
external carotid
what supplies blood to the nose
small arterial branches off of the sphenopalatine and facial artery form the Kiesselbach’s plexus
what type of glands secrete mucous
bowman glands onto the olfactory membrane
what is the benefit of mucous
aids in trapping odors/chemicals - diffuses into mucous before stimulating the neural receptors
what is the process of olfaction
odor soaks though mucous
binds to the receptor protein on cilia
converts ATP -> cAMP
opens Na+ ion channel gate
ions flow in -> increased electrical potential
depolarization and signal to the brain
where does the initial smell sensation occur
medial olfactory area just anterior to the hypothalamus
what are the different sinuses
maxillary
frontal
sphenoidal
ethmoidal
what is the largest of the sinuses
maxillary
how does the maxillary sinus connect to the nasal cavity
hiatus semilunaris at the roof of the sinus
how does the frontal sinus drain
through the hiatus semilunaris
what are the borders of the maxillary sinus
superiorly: inferior wall of the orbit
inferiorly: nasal cavity and teeth
how many taste cells do each taste bud contain
100
what is the most sensitive taste
bitter
what makes up a taste pore
taste cells coming together with microvilli
what nerves assist with taste
chorda tympani and lingual nerve come together
CN 7
what do the tonsils contain
lymphoid tissue with T&B cells
protect against inhaled or ingested pathogens
what are the types of tonsils
palatine tonsils (tonsils) and pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
what are the major salivary glands
parotid, submandibular and sublingual
account of 95% of salivary production
what innervates the salivary glands
autonomic nervous system
why is saliva necessary
healthy dentition, mastication and allow for tasting food
where is the cricoid cartilage
inferior to thyroid cartilage. marks end of larynx
where is the epiglottic cartilage
attaches to the thyroid cartilage and supports epiglottis
elastic cartilage
what are the purposes of Arytenoid cartilage and Corniculate cartilage
serves as sites for muscles that regulate tension on vocal cords and aid in closing larynx during swallowing
what is the cuneiform cartilage
in mucous membrane - stiffen soft tissue
what is the primary function of the larynx
voice production/speech
what are the false vocal cords
vestibular folds - close off glottis to keep food out
