Pathology of Cerebrovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the physiological cause of a stroke?

A

Interruption of supply of oxygen (caused by changes in vessel wall, blood flow or blood constituents) and nutrients causing damage to brain tissue

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2
Q

What are the three main causes of localised interrupted blood supply?

A

Atheroma/thrombosis of artery causing ischaemia
Thromboembolism causing ischaemia
Ruptured aneurysm of a cerebral vessel causing haemorrhage

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3
Q

What are the difference between transient and longstanding symptoms?

A

Transient symptoms- <24hrs, due to reversible ischaemia, tissue still viable
Longstanding symptoms, >24hrs, due to irreversible ischaemia causing localised brain death/infarct

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4
Q

What are the common sites of ruptured vessels causing haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Basal ganglia

Circle of Willis

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5
Q

What are the three pathological causes of generalised interrupted blood supply/hypoxia?

A

Low O2 in blood
Inadequate supply of blood
Inability to use O2 (rare)

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6
Q

What are some common causes of low O2 in the blood?

A

CO2 poisoning
Near drowning
Respiratory arrest

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7
Q

What are some common causes of inadequate supply of blood?

A

Cardiac arrest
Hypotension
Brain swelling (trauma)

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8
Q

What kind of brain infarction does hypotension cause?

A

Watershed infarction

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9
Q

What kind of brain infarction does cardiac arrest cause

A

Cortical infarction

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