Loss of vision Flashcards
What are the characteristics of central retinal artery occlusion?
Sudden loss of sight in one eye caused by ischaemia
Where does the thrombus causing central retinal artery occlusion most commonly come from?
The carotid arteries
What is the result of central retinal vein occlusion?
A build up of fluid in the retina
How is central retinal vein occlusion treated?
Intravitreal anti Vegf
Identify and treat risk factors
What are the pathological causes of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?
Arteritic- Giant cell arteritis
Non-arteritic
What are the signs and symptoms of giant cell arteritis?
Loss of vision Headache Loss of appetite Scalp tenderness Pain on chewing Tenderness of superficial temporal arteries Raised inflammatory markers
How is giant cell arteritis managed?
High dose systemic steroids
What are the common causes of a gradual loss of vision?
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Age related macular degeneration
Diabetic retinopathy
What are the symptoms of cataracts?
Gradual opacification of the lens
Loss of vision
Dazzle/glare
How is cataracts managed?
Surgery- phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implant
What are the symptoms of glaucoma?
Can be asymptomatic
Gradual loss of peripheral field of vision
What are the signs of chronic glaucoma?
Raised intraocular pressure
Visual field defects
Optic disc damage
How is chronic glaucoma managed?
Topical treatments
Surgery- trabeculectomy
What are the symptoms of age related macular degeneration?
Progressive loss of central vision
Distorsion
What are the signs of age related macular degeneration?
Distorsion on amsler chart
Drusen (yellow desposits under retina)
Pigmental epithelial change
