Pathology of bones

Question 1

what are the 4 stages of fracture healing

4

Answer 1

1) blood flows form Bvs that were damaged –>haematoma
2) First two weeks =soft callus , proliferation new BVs , Granulation tissue , immature cartilaginous matrix
3) Bony callus = endochondral ossification , via osteoblast
4) Re-modelling = refining of callus

Question 2

osteoarthritis 
(4)
-what is it
-most common ?
-special cell ?

Answer 2

• most common in older, overweight patients
• tennis players, athletes
• osteophyes= bony lumps near joints
• Wear and tear of articular cartilage = JOINT disease
• X-ray findings have subchondral cysts

Question 3

Rheumatoid Arthritis
(outline main facts, where? how do we test?
indications
(4)

Answer 3

-Every part of the body
-inflammation of a synovial joint due to autoimmune process
=inflammation of synovium
-Rheumatoid factor is igM=auto antibody against IgG
-anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide = anti CCP = high in rheumatoid arthritis
-they have juxta-articular osteoporosis ( near a joint )

Question 4

Gout outline 
(4)
-what is it?
-when is it produced?
-serum test result?

Answer 4

inflammation of joints and tissue around joints due to deposits of URATE crystals

• produced in break down of RNA and DNA
• Production of purines
• serum test = HIGH URIC ACID

Question 5

types of benign bone tumour?

3

Answer 5

1-Osteoma (surface bone tumour)
2-Enchondroma (benign cartilage tumour)
3-Osteochondroma (surface bone tumor with cartilaginous cap)

Question 6

types of malignant tumor

3

Answer 6

1- Osteosarcoma
2-Chondrosarcoma
3-malignant metastatic cancer