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Med01 Muscoskeletal system > Anatomy - upper limb > Flashcards

Anatomy - upper limb Flashcards

1
Q 
what are the osteological features of the scapula ?
structure 
tourist attraction 
articulations
(7+2)
At the back we have a spine ...
A 
structure : curved to fit chest wall 
Tourist attractions : 
- Acromion 
-coracoid process
-Glenoid cavity + glenoid fossa 
-FRONT = subscapular fossa
BACK :
-supra spinous fossa 
-Spine 
-Infraspinous fossa

POINTS OF ARTICULATION :

  • Acromion = articulates whit the clavicle
  • Glenoid cavity = articulates with the heads of the Humerus = SHOULDER JOINT
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2
Q

osteological features of the clavicle
(2)
- what is it
-articulations (2)

A

smooth = collar bone

  • articulates with the manubrium = sternoclavicular joint
  • articulates with scapula at acromion process
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3
Q

osteological features of humerus
TOP features (5) which side are the tubercles on ?
Middle(1) think Taehyung
Front (4) and back (1)

(12)

A 
TOP :
anatomical , surgical neck 
Greater tubercle (front)
Intra tubercle sulcus (front)
Lesser Tubercle (front)

Middle : TAEHYUNG
V shaped deltoid TUBEROSITY

FRONT : bow shaped 
two sides of the bone =
lateral, medial epicondyle 
-Radial fossa 
-coronoid fossa 
-capitulum (lateral side of the bow)+ Trochlea ( medial side of bow)

BACK :

  • radial groove ( important for insertion of the triceps lateral and medial head )
  • Olecranon fossa
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4
Q 
Origin and insertion , innervation of pectoralis major 
case study 
where is it 
- shape and where is it ?
-where is its origin ?
-insertion ?
-Nerves ?
(5)
A
  • Pectoralis major = large fan shaped muscle covers superior part of thorax on the front
  • Origin: Medial clavicle + sternum + costal cartilage of 1-6
  • Insertion : intertubercular groove
  • Movement =medial rotation
  • Nerves = medial + lateral pectoral nerves
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5
Q 
Describe the innervation , actions of pectoralis minor
(4)
location
origin 
insertion
A

The pectoralis minor = triangular in shape
-located under the pectoralis major, and both form the anterior (front) wall of the axilla-
origin :Small muscle attaches from ribs 3,4,5,
insertion :medial border and upper surface of coracoid process of the scapula
Nerves :
- medial pectoral nerves
(for breathing )

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6
Q 
outline the serrates anterior 
(boxer muscle )
- where is the origin 
-insertion 
-what does it do ?
-nerve ?
(4)
A
  • origin =Upper 8 ribs ( behind body )
  • Fibres attach to the medial border and inferior angle of scapula
    ( draws scapula around rib cage )
    -rotates the scapula
    -nerve = Long thoracic nerve
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7
Q

subclavian muscle
(what does it do , not much detail )
(2)

A

underneath clavicle
protects subcalvian vessels from bone
medial –>lateral clavicle
stops it drifting of !

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8
Q

what is the anatomy of the brachial plexus?
Read The Darn Cadaver Book

CORDS :
M+M
AR
MU

MARMU

A

-C5,C6,C7,C8,T1
-C5+6= I trunk= superior trunk :
->has anterior and posterior division
-C7= middle trunk
= has anterior and posterior division
-C8+T1=inferior trunk
has anterior division

3 cords arise:
C5,6- Lateral cord ->musculocutanous nerve
->contributes to the median nerve

C7-Posterior cord = 2 branches - radial, axillary

C8,T1-Medial cord= Ulnar nerve
->contributes to the median nerve

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9
Q

Describe the anatomy of the axillary artery
- where does it start , (latasfirib)
-branches ( screw the lawyer, save a patient )
(8)

A

-Axillary artery starts at the lateral aspect of the first rib
-GIVES OF 6 Branches ( remember it has 3 sections )
1 section = 1 branch = Superior thoracic artery

2nd section = 2 branches = Thoracoacromial artery + Lateral thoracic artery

3rd section = 3 branches

  • Subscapular artery
  • Anterior circumflex humeral artery
  • Posterior Circumflex Humeral artery
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10
Q

describe the anatomy of the brachial artery , deep branch ?

3

A
  • axillary artery –> brachial artery =inferior border of TERES major
    -brachial immediately gives of a deep branch called
    Profunda Brachi Artery
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11
Q

describe venous drainage ? of upper limb
(6)
3 superficial and 3 deep

superficial
century based men

DEEP :
RUB

A

superficial vein:

  • cephalic vein
  • basilic vein
  • median vein

Deep vein :

  • Radial
  • Ulnar
  • Brachial
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12
Q

what are the ligaments of the clavicle and scapula ?

4

A

1- Acromioclavicular joint —8 covers joint capsule)
2-Conoid ligament (inferior)
3-Trapezoid ligament (inferiorly)= from coracoid process–>trapezoid line

2+3= known a coracoclavicular ligament

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13
Q 
Where is the glenohumeral joint ?
try name some ligaments (5) Choi san might tell IM
movements (2)
arteries (3)
innervation (2)
muscles(4)
A

1-Shoulder joint

2-Head of humerus + Glenoid fossa = synovial ball and socket

Ligaments:

  • Coracohumeral ligament
  • Superior Glenohumerul ligament
  • Middle Glenohumeral Ligament
  • transverse humeral ligament
  • Inferior Glenohumeral ligament

Arteries :

  • arterial supply :
  • anterior / posterior circumflex humeral arteries -SUPRASCAPULAR artery

Innervated :
-Axillary suprascapular - lateral pectoral nerves

Muscles :
-Rotator Cuff Muscles
(sup,infra,subscapularis ,teres minor )

Movements :

  • flexion
  • ad+abduction
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14
Q

scapulothoracic ‘joint’
-why is it a ‘joint’
-Movements ?
UDEAD movements

A
  • Scapula floats
    but not connected to thorax
    -Only articles with ribs with clavicle —> acromioclavicular joint

Movements :

  • Elevation (shrug)
  • Adduction + abduction (bench press)
  • Depression
  • Upward rotation (hands on hip)
  • Downward rotation
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15
Q

what muscles move the scapula
(5)
tae really likes singing purple

A

1) Trapezius
2) Rhomboids
3) Levator scapulae
4) Serratus anterior(medial border)
5) Pectoralis minor (coracoid process)

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16
Q

what are the anterior axioappendicular muscles

4

A

1-pectoralis major
2-pectoralis minor’s
3-serratus anterior
4-Subclavius

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17
Q 
deltoid case study 
attachment 
insertions 
fibres and their movements 
(8)
A

1-Attached from scapula , Acromion process
2-insert= deltoid tuberosity of humerus
3-different fibres = different movements :
-Anterior fibers= Flexion and medial
-Posterior fibers=extend and laterally rotate
-Middle fibers =abduct past 15 degrees
Innervation: axillary nerve

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18
Q 
what are the rotator cuff muscles ?
(4)
nerves ?
3 Back and 1 front 
(San Infinitely sings treasure  )
A

1-Supraspinatus (posterior), abduct from 0-15 degreee at shoulder joint

2-Infraspinatus (posterior).Acts to laterally rotate the arm at the shoulder

3-Subscapularis (anterior)=U/L suscapular nerves Acts to medially rotates the arm at the shoulder

4-Teres minor (posterior)=laterally rotates arm=axillary nerve

Strap glenohumeral joint in place !

19
Q 
subscapularis case study 
origin 
insertion (sub like subtract)
movement 
nerves 
(6)
A

origin :From the subscapular fossa to the insertion : lesser tubercle of the humerus
movement : Acts to medially rotates the arm at the shoulder
nerves : The upper and lower subscapular nerves
from posteriorcord

20
Q 
teres minor 
actions 
origins
insertion 
innervation
(4)
A

Origin: From the posterior scapula, near the lateral border

Insertion: To the greater tubercle of the humerus

Actions: Laterally rotates the arm

Innervated by the axillary nerve

21
Q 
supraspinatous 
origin 
inserts (super )
innervation 
movement 
(4)
A

1-origin. : supraspinatous fossa
2- inserts :GREATER tubercle of humerus
3-innervated by suprascapular nerve
4-abduct at first 15 degrees

22
Q 
Infraspinatous 
Origin 
Insertion 
Nerves
Movement (infraSPINatous)
(4)
A

Origin :infraspinous fossa Insertion : greater tubercle of the humerus
NERVES: suprascapular nerve
Movement: Acts to laterally rotate the arm at the shoulder

23
Q

where are the insertions for the tendons of the Rotator cuff group of muscles?
SSITS from back to front
(4)

SUBways
Super
Indian
Tika

out for sale now!

A

SSITS
Subscapularis -back wall = attaches to the lesser tubercle

Supraspinatus -greater tubercle of humorous

Infraspinatus =greater tubercle of humerus

Teres minor ( back ) = attaches to Greater tubercle of the humerus

24
Q

What four short muscles hold the shoulder joint together ?
3 at the back and one at the front

other 2 muscles that connect humorous to scapula ( one on the front and one on the back )

OTHER ONE = important ( you can see this one )

7 MUSCLES Altogether
can u name what they do ?
where do they attach ?

(case study so 10 marks)

A

3 on the back and one on the front :

FRONT = SUBSCAPULARIS ( ANTERIOR aspect of scapular and tendon = lesser tubercle)
(internal rotation )

Back :
2 bellow and one above

one above = SUPRASPINATOUS = SUPERSPINOUS FOSSA ( under acromion –>greater tubercle )
= abduction
2 BELLOW :
INfraspinatous = infraspinous fossa –>back of greater tubercle
Teres minor = rotation of humorous –>greater tubercle

= flat supporting tendon + long head of triceps which keep head of humorous from sliding out of place !

2 other muscles from scapula to humerus _

on the BACK :

TERES MAJOR = from lower lateral border of scapula –> backside of inter tubercular groove = POWERFUL adductor ( pulls back )

FRONT :
CORACOBRACHIALIS = coracoid process –>humerus
= flexion

other = deltoid !

25
Q 
what deep muscles hold the scapula in place? from spine 
(6 )
4 on the back (surface x1, 3 deep)
one in front 
and one underneath DEEP
A

UNDERNEATH:
serratus anterior = from rib1-8 = all the way to medial border of the scapula
= pulls scapula forward around the ribcage

ON THE BACK :

1) TRAPEZIUS = large and surface 
upper and lower part converge -->scapula, acromion etc 
looks like a trapezium 
t4-t12 = 
LOWER:POWERFUL RETRACTOR

UPPER part: powerful elevation

2) DEEP = Levator scapulae = elevates scapular
C1-3 to upper medial corner of scapula

3) DEEP = rhomboid minor
c4-t5–>medial border of scapula
-elevate and retract

4) DEEP = Rhomboid major
c4-T5–>medial border
-elevate and retract

ON THE FRONT :

5) Pectoralis minor = RIB2-4–>coracoid process = depression of scapula

others :
subclavius ( rib 1->clavicle )
Omohyoid ( insert to the upper edge of spine of scapula )

26
Q

what muscles move the scapula

1) medially
2) upwards
3) sidewards laterally
4) Downwards

see nice diagram on slides

(4)

A

1) Rhomboids ,Trapezius , Levator scapulae
2) Rhomboids , trapezius, Levator scapulae
3) Serratus anterior , Pectoralis minor
4) Trapezius and pectorals minor

27
Q

outline the elbow joint
(joint )
(2)

A
  • synovial hinge joint
    ( articulation humerus ,ulna , humerus and radius)
  • Proximal and Distal Radioulnar joint

supported by collateral ligaments:

  • Radial lateral collateral ligament
  • ulnar medial collateral ligament
28
Q

what is the proximal joint example?

2

A
  • head of radius + radial notch of the ulna

- Annular ligament

29
Q

What is the distal radioulnar joint ?

2

A
  • Head of Ulnar and Ulnar notch of the radius

- anterior + posterrior radiolulnar ligametn

30
Q 
Describe the origin, course and relations of the musculocutaneous nerve  
(5)
where does it travel to
between which 2 muscles
continues as the cutaneous
A 
Musculocutaneos nerve ( terminal branch of the first lateral cord c5+6)
-front part of arm
  • Axilla–>coracobrachialis muscle
  • In between biceps Brachii and brachialis
  • Distally emerges lateral to biceps tendon and brachioradialis
  • Continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
31
Q

Describe the origin , course and relations of the radial nerve
(6)

A

Terminal branch from posterior chord

  • Innervates back side of arm innervated
  • Leaves axilla in TRIANGULAR INTERVAL
  • Descends with profunda brachiii artery in spinal, radial groove
  • Passes in front of the lateral epicondyle and terminates as:
    1) Deep branch for posterior aspect for forearm
    2) Superficial branch -cutaneous innervation of dorsum x hand
32
Q

what are the muscles of the front of the arm ?

3

A

1) Biceps brachii
2) Brachialis
3) Coracobrachialis

33
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment x arm ?(2)

A

1) Triceps Brachii

2) Anconeus

34
Q 
Biceps Brachii case study
-head attachments
-insertions
-innervations
-movements
(5)
A

1) Long head –attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
2) Short head –attaches to the coracoid process of scapula
3) insertion : Both heads combine and insert into the radial tuberosity of the radius and the bicipital aponeurosis
4) Innervation by the musculocutaneous nerve = supinates (down rotation of forearm )
5) flexion

35
Q 
Brachialis case study 
where is it 
origin 
insertion 
innervation 
purpose 
(5)
A

1) Lies deep to biceps brachii
2) Arises from the medial and lateral aspects of the shaft of the humerus
3) Inserts into the tuberosity of the Ulna
4) Also innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, that is ‘sandwiched’ between biceps brachii and brachialis
5) Primary flexor of the elbow joint

36
Q 
Coracobrachialis 
where ?
origin ?coraco---
insertion ?
innervation?
action ?
(5)
A

1- deep to biceps brachii

2) Origin = coracoid process
3) Inserts = Medial aspect of the shaft of humerus
4) Innervation : ALSO Musculocutaneous nerve
5) Flexer of arm at shoulder join and weak adductur

37
Q 
Triceps Brachii
( 3 heads , where do they originate from )
insertion ?
(7)
innervation 
action ?
A
  • Long head –infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
  • Medial head –posterior surface of humerus, inferior to the radial groove
  • Lateral head –posterior surface of humerus, superior to the radial groove
  • Insert onto the olecranon of the ulna +fascia of forearm
  • Innervated by the Radial nerve
  • Acts to extend the forearm at the elbow
  • Long head contributes to the extension of the arm at the shoulder joint
38
Q

Aconeus
(4)
origin + insertion
innervation and action

A

1) Attaching from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
2) Insertion = lateral side of the olecranon
3) Innervated by the radial nerve
4) Acts with triceps to extend the forearm at the elbow, and may assist in stabilising the joint when extended

39
Q

Which muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate ?

3

A

1) Anterior compartment :
- biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Coracobrachialis

40
Q

The radial nerve innervates which muscles ? (2)

A

1- Triceps Brachii
2- Anconeus

posterior compartemt

41
Q

Where does the long head of triceps attaches ?
Biceps ?
(2)

A

Triceps long head = infraglenoid tubercle

Biceps longs head = supraglenoid

42
Q

What is in the cubical fossa ?
Really need beer to be at my nicest
(4)

A

Radial Nerve
Brachial Tendon
Brachial Artery
Median Nerve

43
Q

What are the branches of the posterior chord of the brachial plexus ?
STAR

A

Subscapular
Thoracodorsal
Axillary
Radial

Med01 Muscoskeletal system (11 decks)

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