Anatomy of the hand Flashcards
BONES OF THE wrist
(8)
So Long to pinky, here comes the Taehyung
from thumb around in clockwise direction: when ur right hand is facing upwards
So Long to prince, here comes the Taehyung
BOTTOM (proximal) Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrium Pisiform
TOP (distal) Hamate Capitate Trapezoid ( D comes before m) Trapezium
what connective sheath connects carpal tunnel ?
which tendon runs in the middle on top of it ?
flexor retinaculum
-tendon of palmaris longus
deep to flexor retinaculum (carpal tunnel )
(4)
fd x2
fp
1- median nerve
2-tendon of Flexor digitorum superficially x4
3-tendon of Flexor digitorium Profundus x4
4-Tendon of flexor pollicius
longus
what is the wrist joint
(3)
-whats involved
-what is its class
- radiocarpal joint
-distal end of the radius, scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum
-joint = condyloid joint
ULNA = NOT INVOLVED = articular disc between ulnar and other joints.
Outline midcarpal joint (2)
- between 2 rows of carpal bones
- Plane joint
Outline the carpometacarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb?
- between the distal row of carpal bone + proximal end of metacarpal bones
- 2-5 joints
- gliding joint
Thumb= saddle joint
bones of the hand?
3
1- carpal bones (so long to pinky here comes taehyung )
2-Metacarpals
3-phalanges
metacarpophalangeal joint class
condyloid joint( bi axial movement forwards backwards side to side)
Interphalangeal joint?
hinge joint
what are the movements of the wrist and which part of the arms are involved?
(4)
1-flexion -anterior compartmetn of forearm
2-Extension -posterior compartment of forearm
3-Ulnar= medial deviation and adduction
4-Radial = lateral deviation and abduction
what are the two groups of teh intrinsic muscles of the hand
1) thenar muscles = base of thumb
2) Hypothenar eminence =base of little finger
three thenar muscles ?
(3)
AbFlOp
1-Abductor pollicis brevis (away from midline of hand)
2-Flexor pollicis brevis (flexes thumb )
3-Opponens policies (opposition of thub)
three hypothenar eminece ?
(3)
same ABFLOP
1- Abductor digiti minimi (away from midline )
2-Flexor digiti minimi brevis (flexes little finger )
3-Opponents digiti minimi (opposition of little finger)
what are the lumbricals ? (4) which muscle do they originate from ? movement innervation
x4 Originates from flexor Digitorum Profundus
1- passes the metacarpophalangeal joint – insert into the exterior expansion hood
-flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint
-extension of the interphalangeal joint
lateral 2= median (1,2)
medial 2 = ulnar nerve (3,4)
causes ( ross like ) L shape .
what is the dorsal interossei?
DAb
(3)
nerve?
- muscles in between the metacarpals
- ulnar nerve
- causes ABDUCTION
Innervation of the anterior forearm Innervation of hand Innervation of the posterior forearm (3) Half Loaf
1-anterior forearm = median nerve EXCEPT FDP + FCU
2-Hand= ULNAR never except : lateral 2 lumbericals , opponents pollicis + thenar imminence (abductor pollicis brevis , flexor pollicis brevis)
Half LOAF half lumbericals = lateral two Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis
3- posterior compartment = radial nerve
palamar interossei
pAD
-Palmar surfaces 2nd,4th and 5th fingers
X3 FOR P
-ADDUCTION , originate from metacarpals
extrinsic muscle (1)
found in forearm, not in hand
how would you remember what the palmar and dorsal interssei do ?(2)
PAd- palmar = aDduction
DAb- dorsal = aBduction
adductor pollicis?
describe
innervation
triangular hood muscles over the thumb, index and middle finger
Attaches from thumb
INNERVATION =ULNAR NERVE
posterior hand
which joint is only acted on by flexor digitorum profundus
goes all the way to the end of the phalanges
distal interphalangeal joint
power grip
CSH
(3)
precision grip
PPPL
(4)
just know the difference
strength + force power grips:
Cylindrical
Spherical
Hook
precision grip: Pinch Pincer Prehension Lumbrical
power grips? which 2 groups of muscles (name muscles : 6 muscles for group 1 group 2-6)
group 1 :
FCX2
P1 FP1
FDX2
group 2:
AFO X2
+ 2 other groups
strong (cylindrical, spherical, hook)
long flexors muscles of the hand ( anterior forearm :
1-flexor carpi radialis, ulnaris
2-palmaris longus
3-flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis
4-flexor pollicis longus
short INTRINSIC muscles of the hand :
AFO for thenar and hypothenar eminence
lumbricals
dorsal and palmar interossei
radiocarpal joint muscles
3
muscles of the forearm :
Flexion= flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis,
flexor digitorum superficialis.
metacarpophalangeal joint muscle
(3)
knuckles
In the MP joint, there are seven muscles between the bones and four other muscles that act as flexors.
- intrinsic muscles
- extensor digitorum acts as the extensor.
PIP joint muscles
proximal interphalangeal
flexors ?(2)
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus.
DIP joint muscles, distal interphalangeal
2
- FLEXOR: flexor digitorum profundus.
- The extensors of both the PIP and DIP joints = muscles between the bones and internal muscles of the hand.
precision grips muscles
4
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE HAND :
These are the thenar, hypothenar, interossei and the lumbrical muscle
what is the anatomical snuffbox ? point to it on ur hand - base of triangle (1) -medial border (1) -lateral boundaries (2) -floor (2) -roof(1)
what does it contain (2)
1- triangular space in your hand
base = styloid process of radius
medial border=extensor pollicis longus
lateral boundaries :
1-extensor pollicis brevis
2-Abductor pollicis longus
floor: carpal bones = scaphoid + trapezium
roof = skin
contains :
1-radial artery
2-radial nerve
palmar aspect innervation of hand
anterior
(3)
1-thumb half =radial 2-thumb half+2,3,4( half) =median 3-4.5+5 = ulnar from lateral to medial : radial , median ,rulnar
Dorsal aspect of the hand innervation
3
1- thumb+2,3,4(half)= radial nerve
2- finger tips of thumb ,1,2,3,4(half) = median nerve
3-4.5,5 = ulnar nerve
what nerve supplies the LOAF muscles of the hand , and what are they ?
(4)
- Median nerve
LOAF muscles
Lateral two lumbricals
Opponens pollis
Abductor pollis brevis
Flexor pollis brevis
