Pathology of atheroma and cardiac remodelling following a myocardial infarction

Question 1

What is arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

the thickening of the walls of arteries and arterioles usually as a result of hypertension or diabetes mellitus NOT ATHEROMA

Question 2

What causes the tear on an atheroma

Answer 2

pressure

Question 3

What is ischaemia

Answer 3

reduced delivery of blood to an organ, or part of an organ, sufficient to compromise function

Question 4

What is Infarction

Answer 4

reduced delivery of blood to an organ, or part of an organ, sufficient to lead to its death

Question 5

What is the step by step process to heart failure

Answer 5

Blockage of coronary artery 
Ischaemia and MI
Necrosis
Inflammatory response to remove dead cells 
Infarct healing and scar formation
Hypertrophy, dilation, reduced function
HEART FAILURE 🚨🚨

Question 6

What is the difference in a sub-endocardium necrosis and transmural infarct

Answer 6

transmural is all the way and spans the ventricular wall and sub endocardium is just in the bits closest to the ventricle

Question 7

What happens when cardiomyocytes die due to necrosis

Answer 7

they release troponins

Question 8

What is the cardiomyocyte scar made out of

Answer 8

myofibroblast which generate collagen

Question 9

What would a disruption of gap junctions cause

Answer 9

electrical uncoupling of cardiomyocytes thus increases risk of ventricle arrhythmias

Question 10

P-R interval above 0.2?

Answer 10

AV block

Question 11

What happens if just P waves

Answer 11

Complete block

Question 12

What is sinus bradycardia and sinus tachycardia

Answer 12

slow heart rate

high heart rate

Question 13

What is respiratory sinus arrhythmia

Answer 13

inspiration RR is closer

expiration RR is farther

Question 14

What wave is not distinguished in atrial fibrillation

Answer 14

P wave