Pathology II Exam III (Mini-Block) Flashcards by Chris Bessette

The chronic pyogranulomatous pneumonia pictured is fairly characteristic of which bacterial infection in foals?

Rhodococcus equi

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What is the etiology for Glasser’s Disease?

Haemophilus parasuis

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What is the most likely etiology for verminous bronchitis in sheep and goats?

Dictyocaulus filaria

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Adenomas and carcinomas of parathyroid glands often secrete excessive amounts of PTH, resulting in a syndrome of:

primary hyperparathyroidism

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The Cerebral Cortical Neuronal Necrosis pictured is likely a result of hypoglycemia resulting from:

Insulin-producing β cell tumor

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What is the main pathogen associated with enzootic pneumonia in a pig?

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

The organism induces a suppurative or cattarhal bronchopneumonia with BALT hyperplasia that is very characteristic.

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Atherosclerosis plaques are made up of ________ and __________

Atherosclerosis plaques are made up of cholesterol and lipids

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___________ is a generic term applied to the thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls

Arteriosclerosis

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What is considered to be the most important pattern of arteriosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is the most important pattern of arteriosclerosis and is characterized by the presence of atheromas (of atheromatous plaques) within the intima and media. These plaques contain cholesterol and other lipids

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Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia is (as the name suggests) a highly contagious and often fatal disease of pig 2-5 months of age.

What is the etiology?

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

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T/F: Formation of chondroids is a common sequelae to Guttural Pouch Mycosis in horses

False

Chondroid formation is associated with STRANGLES

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An old horse presented with epistaxis. This pedunculated tumor-like lesion was found upon post-mortem examination.

What is this called?

Ethmoidal hematoma

The exact etiology is unknown

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In dogs, which cells are responsible for removing circulating bacteria and other particles from the blood?

Kupffer cells (liver) and splenic macrophages

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This pattern of pneumonia in pigs is very characteristic of infection by which bacterial organism?

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

The name of the disease is Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumoniae

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An increase in dermal mucin resulting in dermal thickening is referred to as:

Myxedema

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Regarding thyroid carcinomas, what is the earliest and most frequent site of metastasis?

Lungs

Early in the course of development, thyroid carcinomas invade branches of the thyroid vein

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The ‘chondroids’ pictured are associated with which condition in horses?

Strangles

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What are the top two etiologies that present with coronary atherosclerosis in dogs?

Diabetes mellitus and Hypothyroidism

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Kids (goats) affected with goiter are most likely __________

(hyperthyroid, euthyroid, hypothyroid)

Euthyroid or hypothyroid

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The image shows fibrinous rhinitis in a calf with Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR). What is the etiology for IBR?

Bovine herpesvirus 1

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Fatal rupture of the uterine artery during parturition occurs occasionally in aged mares with low serum ________ levels

Fatal rupture of the uterine artery during parturition occurs occasionally in aged mares with low serum copper levels

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T/F: Healthy bronchioles contain goblet cells

False

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Which infectious agent is believed to play a primary role in Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

CAV-2, CPIV-2, and to a lesser extent Canine Distemper Virus and Mycoplasma spp. have predisposing roles

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Guttural pouch mycosis is caused by infection with ________________

Aspergillus fumigatus or other Aspergillus species

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T/F: The clinical alterations observed with functional β cell neoplasms are the result of excessive insulin secretion and the development of severe hyperglycemia

**False.** *The clinical alterations observed with functional β cell neoplasms are the result of excessive insulin secretion and the development of severe **hy**_PO_**glycemia***

What is the name of this condition in pigs?

**Atrophic rhinitis** *This is a multifactorial disease in growing pigs. It is thought to be the result of a combined infection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida types D and A*

What do we call rhinitis in rabbits as a result of P. multocida?

**Snuffles** *The world’s most adorable disease name*

T/F: β cell degeneration can result in diabetes mellitus

**True**

Woah, dead rabbit. What is the etiological agent for the **fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia** shown in the image?

***Pasteurella multocida***

The neoplasms most frequently arising in pancreatic islets are adenomas and carcinomas derived from:

**β cells**

T/F: Porcine Cytomegalovirus is responsible for **Atrophic Rhinitis** in swine

**False** *Porcine cytomegalovirus is responsible for **Inclusion Body Rhinitis (pictured)** in swine*

With **Guttural Pouch Mycosis** in horses, there is often involvement of the cranial nerves as well as which blood vessel?

**Internal Carotid Artery**

Acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema is commonly known as:

**Fog Fever**

The lungs have a dual blood supply. Name the two blood supplies.

**Pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries** The pulmonary arteries conduct deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart and the bronchial arteries carry oxygenated blood

What is considered to be the most economically important respiratory disease of cattle in North America (particularly of Feedlot cattle)?

**Shipping Fever** (*Pneumonic mannheimiosis*) Caused by *Mannheimia hemolytica*

Hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells is termed:

**Goiter**

What is the causative agent for Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)?

**Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2)**

What abnormality is shown in the image? What are the top two etiologies for this presentation?

**Coronary atherosclerosis** *Diabetes mellitus and Hypothyroidism*

Adenomas and carcinomas of parathyroid glands often secrete excessive amounts of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, resulting in a syndrome of primary hyperparathyroidism

**PTH** *Prolonged increased secretion of PTH accelerates osteolytic and osteoclastic bone resorption. Mineral is removed from the skeleton at an accelerated rate, and bone is replaced by immature fibrous connective tissue*

This chronic necrotizing bronchopneumonia is quite characteristic for which condition in cattle?

***Mycoplasma bovis* pneumonia**

Laryngeal hemiplegia, also called ________ is characterized by atrophy of the _____________ muscle

Laryngeal hemiplegia, also called “**roaring**” is characterized by atrophy of the **left dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle**. ## Footnote *This abnormality is usually the result of an idiopathic neuropathy affecting the **left recurrent laryngeal nerve***

T/F: Pneumonias are most commonly seen in dogs

**False** *Pneumonias are not as common in dogs as in food-producing animals*

Pulmonary thrombosis is seen in dogs with severe renal glomerular disease and protein-losing nephropathy (PLN). The result is a significant loss of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a major inhibitor of thrombin

**Antithrombin III**

Which bacterial organism is associated with ‘Strangles’ in horses?

***Streptococcus equi***

The image shows guttural pouch mycosis in the horse. What is the morphologic diagnosis?

**Multifocal, ulcerative and necrotizing eustachitis**

**Atrophic rhinitis** is a multifactorial disease in growing pigs. It is thought to be the result of a combined infection of *which two bacterial organisms*?

**Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida types D and A**

What is the typical cause of diffuse adrenal cortical hyperplasia?

**ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma**

**Calcinosis cutis** is a very characteristic lesion associated with which Endocrinopathy?

**Hy**_per_**adrenocorticism**

Incomplete expansion of the lungs or portions of the lungs is known as:

**Atelectasis** *The pulmonary parenchyma appears dark red and sunken in comparison to an aerated lung. Consistency is fleshy and the lung tissue does not float*

What pattern of pneumonia is observed with **Shipping Fever**?

**Fibrinous bronchopneumonia**

T/F: Most proliferative thyroid lesions in cats are non-productive

**False**

T/F: Fish can be affected with goiter

**True**

What are the two most common **infectious pneumonias** in dogs?

**Infectious tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)** and **Canine Distemper**

This is the lung from a 6-week-old foal infected with Rhodococcus equi. MDx?

**Pyogranulomatous pneumonia**

These lesions on the tongue of a cat are most likely the result of which viral infection? What is the morphological diagnosis?

**Feline calicivirus** **MDx: Ulcerative glossitis**

What is shown here in this cat with **hypertrophic cardiopmyopathy (HCM)**?

**Saddle thrombosis**

T/F: In horses, most pituitary adenomas are from the *pars intermedia* and all secrete ACTH

**False** *In horses, most pituitary adenomas _are_ from the pars intermedia, **but only some secrete ACTH***

What is the predominant catecholamine extracted from pheochromocytomas in dogs?

**Norepinephine**

Ingestion of *which amino acid* is believed to be responsible for **Fog Fever** in cattle?

**L-Tryptophan** *Fog Fever is characterized by pulmonary edema and emphysema. It occurs in cattle grazing "fog" pastures (re-growth pasture after a har or silage has been cut, etc.)*

Which *fungal organism* is responsible for **interstitial pneumonia** in Arabian foals with SCID?

***Pneumocystis carinii***

Which bacterial organism is most likely responsible for this **marbling appearance** of the pulmonary parenchyma?

***Mannheimia haemolytica*** *Pneumonic mannheimiosis - The interlobular septa are distended by yellow, gelatinous edema and fibrin. The "marbling" of lobules is the result of intermixing areas of _coagulation necrosis_, interlobular interstitial edema, and congestion*

T/F: In dogs, most pituitary adenomas arise from the *pars intermedia*

**False.** *In dogs, most pituitary adenomas arise from the **pars distalis***

T/F: Calcinosis cutis may be observed secondary to hy**_per_**adrenocorticism

**True**

T/F: Epistaxis and pulmonary hemorrhage (pictured) are relatively common in cattle with vena cava thrombosis

**True**

What is the most likely etiology for the **fibrinous bronchopneumonia** shown below from a cow?

***Mannheimia haemolytica***

Which pneumonia causes this presentation?

**Verminous (parasitic) pneumonia**

Which bacteria is responsible for this presentation in pigs?

***Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae*** Porcine Contagious Pleuropnuemonia *\*\*The dorsal areas of the caudal lung lobe are usually affected\*\**

Which pneumonia causes this presentation?

**Aspiration pneumonia**

What is the cause of this lung presentation?

**Hypostatic congestion (prolonged recumbency)**

Which pneumonia causes this presentation?

**Embolic pneumonia** * (bacterial endocarditis)* * \*\*typically introduced via hematogenous route!!\*\**

Which pneumonia causes this presentation?

**Interstitial pneumonia** *\*\*Interstitial pneumonia due to _Pneumocystis carinii_ infection is a common complication in Arabian foals with SCID\*\**

Which pneumonia causes this presentation?

**Fibrinous broncopneumonia** *\*\*Shipping fever [pneumonic mannheimiosis] is a good example of this type of pneumonia\*\**

Which pneumonia causes this presentation?

**Suppurative bronchopneumonia** *(enzootic pneumonia [bacterial])*

Which pneumonia causes this presentation?

**None** *This is a normal lung*

Which pneumonia causes this presentation?

**Granulomatous pneumonia**