Pathology II Exam I Material Flashcards by Chris Bessette

You have a young piglet with diarrhea. Upon histological examination of the intestines, you notice severe villous atrophy (blunting) and fusion.

What should be at the top of your differential list?

Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)

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T/F: Palatoschisis is failure of fusion of the lip

False

Palatoschisis** is failure of fusion of the palatine shelves.**

Cheiloschisis is failure of fusion of the lip

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What is this condition called?

Palatoschisis (“cleft palate”)

In palatoschisis there is a central
defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves resulting in communication between the oral and nasal cavity

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Which virus is responsible for Vesicular Exanthema of Swine?

Calicivirus

Vesicular exanthema of swine is reportable

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“Calf Diphtheria” is usually the end-stage of stomatitis complicated by infection with which bacterial organism?

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Fusobacterium necrophorum is a Gram-negative anaerobe that produces necrotizing toxins

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Etiology?

Fusobacterium necrophorum

This is oral necrobacillosis, aka “Calf Diphtheria”

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T/F: Vesicular Stomatitis occurs in ruminants, swine, and equines

True

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What is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity of cats?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

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Out of all of the species affected by Foot and Mouth, which species has the most severe lesions?

Pigs

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Tumors of the periodontal ligament-type stroma are referred to as:

Epulis

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This abnormality is most common in large deep-chested breeds of dogs

Gastric Dilation-Volvulus (GDV)

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This proliferative ileitis in a pig is caused by:

Lawsonia intracellularis

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When trimming tissue for histopathologic examination, what is the ideal thickness of the tissue?

~3mm

**or less than the thickness of the cassette

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Which organism is responsible for Thrush?

Candida albicans

often observed in young animals treated with antibiotics for long periods of time, or animals with underlying debilitating diseases

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________________ (pictured) is a potential sequela of salmonellosis

Embolic mycotic pneumonia

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In sheep and cattle: if you see emphysema of the wall of the stomach with severe hemorrhage of the mucosa, what might you be thinking?

Braxy

Braxy is caused by infection with Clostridium septicum

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Name the toxin produced by E. coli that causes endothelial cell injury in arterioles resulting in fluid loss and edema:

**Verotoxin **(or Shiga-like toxin)

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Shortening of the lower jaw is referred to as:

Brachygnathia

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This inflammation in cows is commonly a result of grain overload:

Chemical rumenitis

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What is this and what is it indicative of?

Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon

Indicative of Actinobacillus ligniersii

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T/F: Oral melanomas are most common in dogs, but around 90% of oral melanomas are benign

False.

Oral melanomas are most common in dogs, but ~90% of oral melanomas in dogs are malignant

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In dogs, where do we find the primary lesions associated with parvovirus enteritis?

What about in cats?

Dogs: main lesions are in the intestines

Cats: main lesions are in the bone marrow

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What is the most common segmental anomaly of the intestine of domestic animals?

Atresia coli

Atresia is complete occlusion.obliteration of the intestinal lumen

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This pyogranulomatous colic lymphadenitis in a foal is caused by which organism?

Rhodococcus equi

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What is going on with this FeLV-positive cat?

**Lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis, stomatitis** If you look at the inflammatory infiltrate, it is mostly comprised of lymphocytes. Additionally, this condition is often associated with FeLV or FIV

What is going on with this cat?

**Rodent Ulcer**, or **Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma**

What is the most common *malignant neoplasm* of the oral cavity of dogs?

**Oral melanoma**

**Braxy** is caused by *which organism*?

*Clostridium septicum*

The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ/tissue through an abnormal opening is known as:

**Hernia**

A central defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves resulting in communication between the oral and nasal cavity is known as:

**palatoschisis**

**Peyer's Patch necrosis** in cattle is most often associated with *which disease*?

**Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) - Mucosal Form** Peyer's patch necrosis is seen with the most severe form of the disease (mucosal disease)

The most reliable post-mortem indicator of ante-mortem bloat in cattle is:

**bloat line**

These crater ulcers, found in the colon of a foal, are indicative of:

***Rhodococcus equi***

This fibro-necrotizing enterocolitis in a horse is most likely caused by:

***Salmonella***

What's going on in this older dog?

Chronic ulcerative (lymphoplasmacytic) paradental stomatitis

This endothelial cell injury in arterioles that led to fluid loss and edema is a result of *which bacterial organism*?

***E. coli*** This is **_enterotoxemic colibacillosis_**, most common in pigs a few weeks after weaning

Loss of tooth structure caused by mastication is referred to as:

**Dental attrition**

T/F: Cutaneous mast-cell tumors in dogs may lead to gastric ulceration

**True** It's true

What is going on with this pig?

Vesicular exanthema (*calicivirus*)

Congenital megaesophagus is most commonly a result of:

**Persistent Right Aortic Arch (PRAA)** (right 4th aortic arch) aorta, pulmonary artery, and ductus arteriosus form a ring around trachea and esophagus preventing full dilation

T/F: This nasty rectal stricture in a pig could be the result of infection by *Salmonella*

**True** This rectal stricture was seen in a pig with chronic salmonellosis (*Salmonella typhimurium*)

T/F: Megaesophagus can be acquired

**True** Megaesophagus is most commonly acquired in dogs. It can be idiopathic or a manifestation of myasthenia gravis

Clostridial enterotoxemia is caused by:

***Clostridium perfringens* types A through E** Type D is most common. *C. perfringens* type D produces an angiotoxin (epsilon toxin) which in addition to intestinal lesions causes focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE) in sheep.

T/F: Foot and Mouth Disease occurs in ruminants, swine, and equines

**False** FMD occurs in ruminants and pigs, ***but not horses!***

In which layer of epidermis will we observe ballooning degeneration associated with vesicular stomatitis?

**Stratum spinosum**

What is the most common neoplasm in cats?

**Lymphosarcoma** LSA is the most common neoplasm in cats and the alimentary form of lymphosarcoma has the highest incidence in cats

What is the etiology of this condition in a cat?

**Feline calicivirus**

Most likely diagnosis in this cat?

**Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)**

If somebody said "damn, that cow is fat," your response to them would be "no, that's not fat. That cow has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_"

**Ruminal tympany** or **bloat** Over-distention of the rumen and reticulum by gases produced during fermentation

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis is also known as:

**Hardware Disease**

In which type of abosmasal displacement do we observe higher mortality: Right-sided or left-sided?

**Right-sided** Left-sided abomasal displacement is more common, but right-sided displacement is more fatal

These button ulcers in the intestine of a pig are indicative of:

**Salmonellosis**

By which virus is **Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)** caused?

Coronavirus

Which parasite is known as the "barber pole worm?" What is the biggest distinguishing factor for an animal infected with the barber-pole worm?

***Haemonchus contortus*** *Haemonchus contortus* feeds on blood and can cause anemia, hypoproteinemia, and **bottle jaw**

Protrusion of the lower jaw is referred to as:

Prognathia

What is this condition called?

**Cheiloschisis**

What is the most common gastric tumor of horses?

**Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)** \*\*SCC is also the most common oral cavity tumor of cats\*\*

Swine Dysentery is caused by:

***Brachyspira hyodysenteriae*** The disease affects mainly pigs 8-14 weeks old and is characterized by large bowel diarrhea with mucous and blood in the feces

What is going on with this dog? At what age are dogs typically most affected?

**Canine oral papillomatosis** Usually affects animals younger than 1 year old

Myocardial necrosis, or **Tiger Heart**, is associated with which disease?

**Foot and Mouth Disease**

Etiology in a cow?

***Mycobacterium avium* subsp. *paratuberculosis***

Which bacterial organism is responsible for "Wooden Tongue" in cattle?

*Actinobacillus lignieresii*

What is the most likely diagnosis in this cat?

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

What is the minimum *formalin to tissue* ratio for fixation of a sample?

**10:1**

Parvovirus enteritis in cats is caused by *which virus*?

**Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)** Main lesions are found in the bone marrow, but you may see lesions in the intestines as well

Abdominal displacement in dairy cows occurs most often *when*?

After parturition

**Edema disease** in pigs is caused by *which bacterial organism?*

***E. Coli***

This chronic (granulomatous) esophagitis in a dog was most likely caused by:

***Spirocerca lupi*** Chronic (granulomatous) esophagitis occasionally leads to neoplastic transformation; formation of sarcomatous lesions (mainly osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma)

What is the etiological agent for **Contagious Echtyma **in sheep?

*Parapoxvirus* \*\*this is a zoonotic disease\*\*

Most cases of gastric rupture in horses are due to:

**Intestinal obstructions** leading to adynamic ileus

Vesicles in the oral cavity of felines are often the result of *what type of viral infection?*

Calicivirus

This is commonly seen in pigs that are fed finely-ground feed rations:

**Gastric Ulceration**