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Science Section > Pathology - Glossary > Flashcards

Pathology - Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

localized accumulation of pus

A

abscess

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2
Q

a disease, condition or abnormality that is not hereditary or innate

A

acquired

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3
Q

hyperfunction of pituitary gland after ossification has been completed

A

acromegaly

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4
Q

a disease with rapid onset and short duration

A

acute

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5
Q

having a hypersensitive immune response to a foreign substance

A

allergy

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6
Q

congenital absence of one or more limbs

A

amelia

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7
Q

generalized edema in subcutaneous tissue

A

anasarca

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8
Q

a decease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin or both

A

anemia

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9
Q

a localized dilation of a blood vessel

A

aneurysm

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10
Q

failure of a tissue or an organ to develop normally

A

aplasia

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11
Q

disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

A

arteriosclerosis

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12
Q

accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity

A

ascites

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13
Q

a form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls

A

atherosclerosis

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14
Q

a wasting; decrease in size of an organ or tissue

A

atrophy

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15
Q

a postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition

A

autopsy / postmortem examination

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16
Q

a general state of ill health associated with emaciation

A

cachexia

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17
Q

several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue

A

carbuncle

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18
Q

formation of cavities in an organ or tissue; frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis

A

cavitation

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19
Q

a disease with a slow onset and long duration

A

chronic

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20
Q

congenitally malformed palate with a fissure along the midline

A

cleft palate

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21
Q

pathology that uses clinical analysis and other laboratory procedures in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

A

clinical pathology

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22
Q

disease that may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between individuals by an infectious agent

A

communicable

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23
Q

an unfavorable condition arising during the course of disease

A

complication

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24
Q

the immediate and temporary disturbance of brain function as a result of trauma

A

concussion

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25
Q

existing at the time of brith or shortly thereafter

A

congenital

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26
Q

accumulation of an excess of blood or tissue fluid in a body part

A

congestion

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27
Q

a bruise often accompanied with swelling

A

contusion

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28
Q

congenital hypothyroidism resulting in developmental disabilities

A

cretinism

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29
Q

failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotum

A

cryptorchism / cryptorchidism

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30
Q

bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of osygen

A

cyanosis

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31
Q

a closed sac or pouch with a definite wall that contains fluid, semi-fluid or solid material

A

cyst

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32
Q

a condition due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance

A

deficiency

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33
Q

the deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury

A

degeneration

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34
Q

loss of moisture from body tissue

A

dehydration

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35
Q

the term denoting the identification of a disease or syndrome; to recognize the nature of a disease

A

diagnosis

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36
Q

the condition of the heart being enlarged due to stretching as a result of disease

A

dilatation / dilation

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37
Q

necrotic tissue due to a reduction in arterial blood supply to a body part that remains aseptic

A

dry gangrene / ischemic necrosis

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38
Q

abnormal development of tissue

A

dysplasia

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39
Q

superficial bleeding under the skin or a mucous membrane; a bruise

A

ecchymosis

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40
Q

implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

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41
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities

A

edema

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42
Q

excessive wasting away of the body

A

emaciation

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43
Q

the sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris

A

embolism

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44
Q

a collection of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space

A

empyema

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45
Q

a disease that is continuously present in a given population

A

endemic

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46
Q

higher than normal appearance of an infectious disease or condition within a given population

A

epidemic

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47
Q

a chronic neurogenic disease marked by sudden alterations in consciousness and frequently by convulsions

A

epilepsy

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48
Q

bleeding from the nose

A

epistaxis

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49
Q

an increase in the number of red blood cells

A

erythrocytosis

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50
Q

the study of the cause of disease

A

etiology

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51
Q

increase in severity of a disease

A

exacerbation

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52
Q

loss of blood to the point where life may no longer be sustained

A

exsanguination

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53
Q

any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid debris

A

exudate

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54
Q

pertaining to or characterized by fever

A

febrile

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55
Q

having rapid and sever onset, usually fatal

A

fulminating

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56
Q

an abscess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle

A

furuncle

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57
Q

deals with the study of the widespread processes of disease such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis or premature cellular death, repair, etc. without reference to particular organs or organ systems

A

general pathology

58
Q

enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

goiter

59
Q

study of changes in structure of the body that are readily seen with the unaided eye as a result of disease

A

gross pathology

60
Q

vomiting of blood

A

hematemesis

61
Q

tumor-like swelling of blood

A

hematoma

62
Q

blood in the urine

A

hematuria

63
Q

a hereditary bleeding disorder marked by a deficiency of blood-clotting proteins

A

hemophilia

64
Q

blood in sputum

A

hemoptysis

65
Q

escape of blood from the vascular system

A

hemorrhage

66
Q

genetic characteristics transmitted from parent to offspring

A

hereditary

67
Q

abnormal protrusion of part of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in the wall that normally contains it

A

hernia

68
Q

abnormal collection of fluid in any sacculated cavity in the body

A

hydrocele

69
Q

excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

A

hydrocephalus

70
Q

distention of the renal pelvis with urine as a result of obstruction

A

hydronephrosis

71
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac

A

hydropericardium

72
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity

A

hydrothorax

73
Q

excess of blood in an area of the body

A

hyperemia

74
Q

the increase size of an organ or tissue due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells

A

hyperplasia

75
Q

the enlargement of an organ or structure due to the increase in size of cells composing it

A

hypertrophy

76
Q

underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or the body

A

hypoplasia

77
Q

any injury or illness that occurs as a result of medical care

A

iatrogenic

78
Q

of unknown cause

A

idopathic

79
Q

death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply

A

infarction

80
Q

a disease caused by microorganisms, especially those that release toxins or invade body tissues

A

infection

81
Q

the presence in or on the body of macroscopic organisms

A

infestation

82
Q

the passage and accumulation of a substance into cells, tissues, or organs

A

infiltration

83
Q

a tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness, pain, and sometimes loss of function

A

inflammation

84
Q

the state of being poisoned by a drug or toxic substance

A

intoxication

85
Q

reduction in arterial blood supply

A

ischemia

86
Q

yellowish discoloration of the tissues due to the presence of bile pigments in the blood

A

jaundice

87
Q

a circumscribed area of pathologically altered tissue; an injury or wound

A

lesion

88
Q

a malignancy of the hematopoietic tissues characterized by a massive increase in the number of white blood cells present in the body

A

leukemia

89
Q

increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood

A

leukocytosis

90
Q

abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood

A

leukopenia

91
Q

malignancy of lymphoid tissue

A

lymphoma

92
Q

a defect or deformity

A

malformation / anomaly

93
Q

study of disease to ascertain cause and manner of death

A

medicolegal (forensic) pathology

94
Q

blood in stool

A

melena

95
Q

replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there

A

metaplasia

96
Q

transfer of a disease from its primary site to a distant location

A

metastasis

97
Q

study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues, and organs undergo as a result of disease

A

microscopic pathology / histopathology

98
Q

necrotic tissue resulting from inadequate venous drainage accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria

A

moist gangrene

99
Q

the number of cases per year of certain diseases in relation to the population in which they occur

A

morbidity rate

100
Q

number of deaths in a given time or place or proportion of deaths to a population

A

mortality rate

101
Q

pathological death of cells, tissues, and organs while still a part of the living organism

A

necrosis

102
Q

the abnormal, excessive and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue

A

neoplasm

103
Q

infection acquired in a healthcare setting

A

nosocomial

104
Q

a disease related to one’s working conditions

A

occupational disease

105
Q

abnormal softening of bones in adults

A

osteomalacia

106
Q

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

A

osteomyelitis

107
Q

loss of bone density

A

osteoporosis

108
Q

widespread epidemic, possibly worldwide

A

pandemic disease

109
Q

study of structural changes in the body caused by disease

A

pathological anatomy

110
Q

the science that deals with the study of disease

A

pathology

111
Q

the origin and development of a disease

A

pathogenesis

112
Q

antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin

A

petechia

113
Q

congenital condition in which the proximal portions of the limbs are poorly developed or absent

A

phocomelia

114
Q

study of functional changes in the body as a result of disease

A

physiological pathology

115
Q

normal or pathological coloration of skin or tissues

A

pigmentation

116
Q

infiltration of the lungs with various forms of dust

A

pneumoconiosis

117
Q

inflammation of the lungs due to infection

A

pneumonia

118
Q

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord as a result of a viral infection

A

poliomyelitis

119
Q

a growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane

A

polyp

120
Q

number of cases of disease present in a specified population at a given time

A

prevalence

121
Q

prediction of the outcome of disease

A

prognosis

122
Q

inflammation of the prostate gland

A

prostatitis

123
Q

condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin

A

purpura

124
Q

a small elevation of the skin containing pus

A

pustule

125
Q

reappearance of symptoms after a period of remission

A

recurrent

126
Q

the replacement of damaged cells with normal cells of the same type

A

regeneration

127
Q

a cessation of the symptoms of disease

A

remission

128
Q

the replacement of damaged tissue with fibrous connective tissue

A

repair

129
Q

the termination of the inflammatory response with the affected part returning to homeostasis

A

resolution

130
Q

a disease of infants and young children caused by deficiency of vitamin D resulting in defective bone growth

A

rickets

131
Q

objective indications of the presence of disease

A

signs

132
Q

deals with the specific features of disease in relation to particular organs or organ systems

A

special pathology

133
Q

congenital defect in which part of the vertebral column is absent or there is incomplete closure

A

spina bifida

134
Q

disease that occurs in a random or isolated manner

A

sporadic

135
Q

abnormal constriction of a passageway or orifice

A

stenosis

136
Q

subjective indications of the presence of disease

A

symptoms

137
Q

set of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease

A

syndrome

138
Q

the formation or presence of an attached blood clot

A

thrombosis

139
Q

an open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

A

ulcer

140
Q

a toxic condition caused by retention in the blood of waste products normally excreted in the urine

A

uremia

141
Q

failure of a heart valve to close tightly, thus allowing regurgitation of blood

A

valvular insufficiency / incompetence

142
Q

blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid

A

vesicle

Science Section (12 decks)

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