Pathology - Glossary Flashcards
1
Q
localized accumulation of pus
A
abscess
2
Q
a disease, condition or abnormality that is not hereditary or innate
A
acquired
3
Q
hyperfunction of pituitary gland after ossification has been completed
A
acromegaly
4
Q
a disease with rapid onset and short duration
A
acute
5
Q
having a hypersensitive immune response to a foreign substance
A
allergy
6
Q
congenital absence of one or more limbs
A
amelia
7
Q
generalized edema in subcutaneous tissue
A
anasarca
8
Q
a decease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin or both
A
anemia
9
Q
a localized dilation of a blood vessel
A
aneurysm
10
Q
failure of a tissue or an organ to develop normally
A
aplasia
11
Q
disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
A
arteriosclerosis
12
Q
accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity
A
ascites
13
Q
a form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls
A
atherosclerosis
14
Q
a wasting; decrease in size of an organ or tissue
A
atrophy
15
Q
a postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition
A
autopsy / postmortem examination
16
Q
a general state of ill health associated with emaciation
A
cachexia
17
Q
several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue
A
carbuncle
18
Q
formation of cavities in an organ or tissue; frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis
A
cavitation
19
Q
a disease with a slow onset and long duration
A
chronic
20
Q
congenitally malformed palate with a fissure along the midline
A
cleft palate
21
Q
pathology that uses clinical analysis and other laboratory procedures in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
A
clinical pathology
22
Q
disease that may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between individuals by an infectious agent
A
communicable
23
Q
an unfavorable condition arising during the course of disease
A
complication
24
Q
the immediate and temporary disturbance of brain function as a result of trauma
A
concussion
25
existing at the time of brith or shortly thereafter
congenital
26
accumulation of an excess of blood or tissue fluid in a body part
congestion
27
a bruise often accompanied with swelling
contusion
28
congenital hypothyroidism resulting in developmental disabilities
cretinism
29
failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotum
cryptorchism / cryptorchidism
30
bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of osygen
cyanosis
31
a closed sac or pouch with a definite wall that contains fluid, semi-fluid or solid material
cyst
32
a condition due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance
deficiency
33
the deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury
degeneration
34
loss of moisture from body tissue
dehydration
35
the term denoting the identification of a disease or syndrome; to recognize the nature of a disease
diagnosis
36
the condition of the heart being enlarged due to stretching as a result of disease
dilatation / dilation
37
necrotic tissue due to a reduction in arterial blood supply to a body part that remains aseptic
dry gangrene / ischemic necrosis
38
abnormal development of tissue
dysplasia
39
superficial bleeding under the skin or a mucous membrane; a bruise
ecchymosis
40
implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
41
abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities
edema
42
excessive wasting away of the body
emaciation
43
the sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris
embolism
44
a collection of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space
empyema
45
a disease that is continuously present in a given population
endemic
46
higher than normal appearance of an infectious disease or condition within a given population
epidemic
47
a chronic neurogenic disease marked by sudden alterations in consciousness and frequently by convulsions
epilepsy
48
bleeding from the nose
epistaxis
49
an increase in the number of red blood cells
erythrocytosis
50
the study of the cause of disease
etiology
51
increase in severity of a disease
exacerbation
52
loss of blood to the point where life may no longer be sustained
exsanguination
53
any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid debris
exudate
54
pertaining to or characterized by fever
febrile
55
having rapid and sever onset, usually fatal
fulminating
56
an abscess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle
furuncle
57
deals with the study of the widespread processes of disease such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis or premature cellular death, repair, etc. without reference to particular organs or organ systems
general pathology
58
enlargement of the thyroid gland
goiter
59
study of changes in structure of the body that are readily seen with the unaided eye as a result of disease
gross pathology
60
vomiting of blood
hematemesis
61
tumor-like swelling of blood
hematoma
62
blood in the urine
hematuria
63
a hereditary bleeding disorder marked by a deficiency of blood-clotting proteins
hemophilia
64
blood in sputum
hemoptysis
65
escape of blood from the vascular system
hemorrhage
66
genetic characteristics transmitted from parent to offspring
hereditary
67
abnormal protrusion of part of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in the wall that normally contains it
hernia
68
abnormal collection of fluid in any sacculated cavity in the body
hydrocele
69
excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
hydrocephalus
70
distention of the renal pelvis with urine as a result of obstruction
hydronephrosis
71
abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac
hydropericardium
72
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
hydrothorax
73
excess of blood in an area of the body
hyperemia
74
the increase size of an organ or tissue due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells
hyperplasia
75
the enlargement of an organ or structure due to the increase in size of cells composing it
hypertrophy
76
underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or the body
hypoplasia
77
any injury or illness that occurs as a result of medical care
iatrogenic
78
of unknown cause
idopathic
79
death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply
infarction
80
a disease caused by microorganisms, especially those that release toxins or invade body tissues
infection
81
the presence in or on the body of macroscopic organisms
infestation
82
the passage and accumulation of a substance into cells, tissues, or organs
infiltration
83
a tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness, pain, and sometimes loss of function
inflammation
84
the state of being poisoned by a drug or toxic substance
intoxication
85
reduction in arterial blood supply
ischemia
86
yellowish discoloration of the tissues due to the presence of bile pigments in the blood
jaundice
87
a circumscribed area of pathologically altered tissue; an injury or wound
lesion
88
a malignancy of the hematopoietic tissues characterized by a massive increase in the number of white blood cells present in the body
leukemia
89
increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood
leukocytosis
90
abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood
leukopenia
91
malignancy of lymphoid tissue
lymphoma
92
a defect or deformity
malformation / anomaly
93
study of disease to ascertain cause and manner of death
medicolegal (forensic) pathology
94
blood in stool
melena
95
replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there
metaplasia
96
transfer of a disease from its primary site to a distant location
metastasis
97
study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues, and organs undergo as a result of disease
microscopic pathology / histopathology
98
necrotic tissue resulting from inadequate venous drainage accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria
moist gangrene
99
the number of cases per year of certain diseases in relation to the population in which they occur
morbidity rate
100
number of deaths in a given time or place or proportion of deaths to a population
mortality rate
101
pathological death of cells, tissues, and organs while still a part of the living organism
necrosis
102
the abnormal, excessive and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue
neoplasm
103
infection acquired in a healthcare setting
nosocomial
104
a disease related to one's working conditions
occupational disease
105
abnormal softening of bones in adults
osteomalacia
106
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
osteomyelitis
107
loss of bone density
osteoporosis
108
widespread epidemic, possibly worldwide
pandemic disease
109
study of structural changes in the body caused by disease
pathological anatomy
110
the science that deals with the study of disease
pathology
111
the origin and development of a disease
pathogenesis
112
antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
petechia
113
congenital condition in which the proximal portions of the limbs are poorly developed or absent
phocomelia
114
study of functional changes in the body as a result of disease
physiological pathology
115
normal or pathological coloration of skin or tissues
pigmentation
116
infiltration of the lungs with various forms of dust
pneumoconiosis
117
inflammation of the lungs due to infection
pneumonia
118
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord as a result of a viral infection
poliomyelitis
119
a growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane
polyp
120
number of cases of disease present in a specified population at a given time
prevalence
121
prediction of the outcome of disease
prognosis
122
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatitis
123
condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin
purpura
124
a small elevation of the skin containing pus
pustule
125
reappearance of symptoms after a period of remission
recurrent
126
the replacement of damaged cells with normal cells of the same type
regeneration
127
a cessation of the symptoms of disease
remission
128
the replacement of damaged tissue with fibrous connective tissue
repair
129
the termination of the inflammatory response with the affected part returning to homeostasis
resolution
130
a disease of infants and young children caused by deficiency of vitamin D resulting in defective bone growth
rickets
131
objective indications of the presence of disease
signs
132
deals with the specific features of disease in relation to particular organs or organ systems
special pathology
133
congenital defect in which part of the vertebral column is absent or there is incomplete closure
spina bifida
134
disease that occurs in a random or isolated manner
sporadic
135
abnormal constriction of a passageway or orifice
stenosis
136
subjective indications of the presence of disease
symptoms
137
set of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease
syndrome
138
the formation or presence of an attached blood clot
thrombosis
139
an open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue
ulcer
140
a toxic condition caused by retention in the blood of waste products normally excreted in the urine
uremia
141
failure of a heart valve to close tightly, thus allowing regurgitation of blood
valvular insufficiency / incompetence
142
blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid
vesicle
