Pathology -- Diseases of the Upper GI Tract Flashcards
Most common cause of esophagitis
Reflux esophagitis – gastroesophageal reflux disease
3 infectious etiologies of esophagitis
- Candida
- Herpes simplex
- Cytomegalovirus
3 miscellaneous causes for esophagitis
- Radiation
- Crohn’s disease
- Graft-vs-host disease
3 causes of GERD
- Abnormal tonus of lower esophageal sphincter
- Hiatal hernia
- Diabetic neuropathy
Symptoms of GERD
- Asymptomatic
- Heartburns
- Dysphagia
- Chest/epigastric pain
What does endoscpoic examination show in the event of GERD?
Erythema
In severe cases, erosins/ulcers
What can complicate GERD and what can it lead to?
Strictures –> development of Barrett esophagus
Treatment for GERD
Proton pump inhibitor treatment
Describe the histology of GERD
What leukocyte may appear intraepithelialy in GERD?
Eosinophils
Define esinophilic esophagitis
Allergic inflammatory disease of the esophagus
3 symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis
- Dysphagia
- Food impaction
- GERD-like symptoms
Describe the histology of esoinophilic esophagitis
Numerous intraepithelial eosinophils
What is a differential diagnosis with GERD?
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Differentiate between the location of effect of eosinophilic esophagitis vs. GERD
EE = entire esophagus
GERD = Distal esophagus
Differentiate between the quantity of intraepithelial esoniphils in EE vs. GERD
EE = numerous
GERD = Much fewer than EE
Differentiate between the treatments for EE vs. GERD
EE = corticosteroids
GERD = proton pump inhibitors
Who may be affected by herpes esophagitis?
May occur in otherwise healthy individuals, but usually seen with immunosuppression:
- AIDS
- Transplantation
- Malignancies
Findings on endoscopy for herpes esophagitis
Vesicles followed by ulcers