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HDSO Digestion System > Clinical Methods -- Oral Physical Exam > Flashcards

Clinical Methods -- Oral Physical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Body parts included in the extraoral examination (6)

A
  • Temporo-mandibular joints (TMJ) and facial symmetry
  • Neck
    • Lymph nodes
    • Thyroid
  • Lips
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2
Q

7 physical parts included in the intraoral examination

A
  • Lips
  • Cheeks (buccal mucosa)
  • Floor of mouth
  • Tongue
  • Palate
  • Teeth and periodontium
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3
Q

5 general rules in dentistry

A
  1. Inspection/observation
  2. Palpation
  3. Hear (auscultation)
  4. Percussion
  5. Smell (olfcation)
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4
Q

7 things to observe when inspecting the TMJs

A

Evaluation of the degree and movement and sounds:

  • Open
  • Close
  • Lateral movements
  • Protrusion
  • Measurement in mm
  • Crepitus (grating sound)
  • Click
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5
Q

What is occurring in this photo?

A
  • Palpation with fingers on the B/L TMJs
  • Auscultation (if necessary)
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6
Q

4 normal movements and range of motion of the TMJs and facial symmetry

A
  • Rotation - translation
  • Opening to 3 fingers in length
  • Closing
  • Laterality
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7
Q

Abnormalities (symptoms) seen in TMJs and facial symmetry

A
  • Painful clicking vs. asymptomatic clicking
  • Crepitus
  • Asymmetry/condylar fracture
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8
Q

4 levels of the cervical lymph nodes

A
  • Superficial
  • Deep
  • Anterior digastric
  • Posterior digastric
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9
Q

2 ways to examine the cervical lymph nodes

A
  • Visual inspection
  • Palpation of digastric region
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10
Q

3 parts of the digastric region

A
  • Submandibular
  • Submental
  • Cervical
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11
Q

4 landmarks of the digastric region

A
  • SCM (sternocleido muscle)
  • Inferior border of mandible
  • Digital
  • Bimanual
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12
Q

Label the parts of this anatomical diagram

A
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13
Q

Steps for palpation of the neck

A
  1. Patient’s head turned to opposite side
  2. Follow the SCM
  3. Tilt the chin down
  4. Displace tissue along inferior border of mandible
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14
Q

Normal lymph nodes and thyroid

A
  • Palpable or non-palpable
  • Movable, non-enlarged, non-painful
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15
Q

Abnormalities that can be found when examining the lymph nodes and thyroid

A
  • ENlarged lymph nodes or thyroid –> refer for further investigation
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16
Q

Normal appearance of lips

A

Reddish-pink color

Vermillion border

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17
Q

Abnormalities that can be found when examining the lips

A

Actinic cheilitis (precursor to squamous cell carcinoma)

Herpes labialis

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18
Q

5 normal findings of the buccal mucosa (inner cheek)

A
  • Linea alba
  • Forcyde granules
  • Desquamation due to parafunctional habit
  • Stenson’s duct orifice
  • Saliva (clear, watery)
19
Q

3 abnormal findings upon examination of the oral mucosa

A
  • Chemical burn
  • Ulceration
  • Oral lichen planus
20
Q

Normal findings of the labial mucosa (inner surface of lips) upon examination

A

Minor salivary gland, color

21
Q

Abnormal findings of the labial mucosa upon examination

A
  • Mucositis
  • Mucocele
  • Ulcer-aphthous ulcer
22
Q

2 examination steps for the palate

A
  • Visual inspection
  • Palpation
23
Q

Normal findings upong examining the palate

A
  • Hard/soft palate
  • Torus (bump in middle)
24
Q

5 abnormalities of the palate upon examination

A
  • Chemical burn
  • Nevus
  • Herpes
  • Micotinic stomatitis
  • Plemorphic adenoma
25
Q

Steps to inspect the oropharynx

A
  • Depress the tongue with a tongue depressor or mirror
  • Ask the patient to say “ahh”
26
Q

3 spaces in the mouth

A
27
Q

Parts of the oropharynx

A
28
Q

What is this

A

Bifid uvula

29
Q

What is this

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

30
Q

What is this

A

Lymphoepithelial cysts

31
Q

Normal findings at the floor of the mouth

A

Wharton’s duct

Saliva flow

32
Q

Abnormal findings of the floor of the mouth

A
  • Varicosities
  • Sialolith/obstruction
  • Ranula
33
Q

How to palpate the floor of the mouth

A
  • Lingual aspect of the alveolar ridge (digital)
  • Floor of the mouth (bimanual)
    • Right index in the floor of the mouth
    • Fingers of left hand under the chin
    • NOTE: GENTLE COMPRESSION
34
Q

How to inspect and palpate the tongue

A

Use the latero-posterior method:

  • Ask the patient to stick out the tongue
  • Hold the tongue by wrapping the tip with 2x2 gauze
  • Assess for induration or tenderness
35
Q

Normal findings on the tongue upon examination

A

All types of papillae

Lingual tonsils

36
Q

Abnormal findings of the tongue (6)

A
  • Papilloma/condyloma
  • Ankyloglossia
  • Hair tongue
  • Fissured tongue
  • Benign migratory glossitis
  • OSCCa (oral squamous cell carcinoma)
37
Q

What to inspect for the salivary glands

A

Openings of the ducts:

  • Stenson’s duct
  • Warthon’s duct
38
Q

How to palpate the salivary glands

A
  • Stimulate (milk) the production of saliva
  • Observe the color and texture of the saliva
39
Q

How to palpate the buccla mucosa

A

Palpate the cheeks and lips with this method:

  • Index in mouth/thumb on cheek (skin)
40
Q

Abnormalities of the teeth and periodontium

A
  • Caries
  • Tooth fracture
  • Pulpal polyp
  • Calculus
  • Biofilm/plaque
41
Q

6 types of abnormalities of occlusion

A
  • Classe I
  • Classe II
  • Classe III
  • Diastema
  • Anterior open bite
  • Cross bite
42
Q

Demonstrate Classe I occlusion

A
43
Q

Differentiate between classes I, II, and III of occlusion

A

The degree by which the anterior maxillary teeth angle forward

HDSO Digestion System (29 decks)

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