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ÅJJB Year 3 > Pathology Definitions > Flashcards

Pathology Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

81MASTITIS

A

Inflammation of the breast.

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2
Q

18ATYPIA

A

Structural abnormality in a cell due to reactive or neoplastic processes

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3
Q

21BIOPSY

A

Process involving extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease.

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4
Q

30CYST

A

An abnormal closed epithelium-lined cavity in the body, containing liquid or semisolid material.

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5
Q

98 TOPHUS IS CHARACTERISTIC FOR:

A

Gout

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6
Q

5AGENESIS

A

Complete absence of an organ or is anlage.

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7
Q

125MOST COMMON LOCALIZATION OF EWING’S SARCOMA

A

Middle regionof long tubular bones.

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8
Q

4ADHESION

A

Adhesions are fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between internal organs and tissues, joining them together abnormally.

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9
Q

41EMPHYSEMA

A

Permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls without significant fibrosis.

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10
Q

154VIRCHOW’S LYMPH NODE

A

Metastatic supraclavicular lymph node. The most common primary tumor is gastric adenocarcinoma.

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11
Q

10APOPTOSIS

A

Pathway of cell death in which cells activate enzymes that degrade the cells’ own nuclear DNA and nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins.

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12
Q

158HIRSCHPRUNG’S DISEASE

A

Bowel motility disorder caused by the abscence of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus.

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13
Q

101PUSTULE

A

Discrete, pus-filled, raised lesion.

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14
Q

184MOST COMMON BENIGN TUMOR OF THE BREAST

A

Fibroadenoma.

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15
Q

15ATHEROSCLEROSIS

A

Characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas (or atheromatous or atherosclerotic plaques) that impinge on the vascular lumen and can rupture to cause sudden occlusion.

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16
Q

161CIRRHOSIS

A

Diffuse transformation of the liver into regenerative parenchymal nodules surrounded by fibrous bands, end stage of chronic liver disease.

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17
Q

183PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF BREAST CARCINOMA

A

Histologic type, grade, stageEstrogen-, progesteron-, and Her2 receptor status, Ki-67 proliferation index

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18
Q

24CARCINOMA

A

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cells.

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19
Q

82MELANOMA

A

Malignant tumor of melanocytes.

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20
Q

20BALANITIS

A

Local inflammation of the glans penis.

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21
Q

75INVOLUTION

A

Reduction of volume of an organ or tissue (similarly to atrophy) due to physiological processes (e.g. thymus)

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22
Q

195 BRESLOW’S DEPTH

A

Thickness (mm) of skin melanoma measured from the granular layer of the epidermis.

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23
Q

153HEPATORENAL SYNDROME

A

Renal failure in patients with severe liver disease in the absence of morphological change of the kidneys.

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24
Q

44ENDOPHYTIC

A

Tending to grow inward into tissues in fingerlike projections from a superficial site of origin —used for tumors

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25
Q

70INFLAMMATION, acute serous

A

Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage marked by exudation of cell-poor fluid.

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26
Q

LIST THE FEATURES OF CROHN’S DISEASE!

A

Inflammatory bowel disease affecting the whole GI tract Segmental inflammation Inflammation in all layers of the bowel wall, with granuloma formation and deep fissural ulcers Fissures and fistules common Thickening of the bowel wall, stricture of the lumen Extraintestinal symptoms

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27
Q

99PSEUDOCYST

A

Liquefied areas of necrotic tissue become walled off by fibrous tissue to form a cystic space, lacking an epithelial lining.

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28
Q

133RUPTURE OF THE HEART FOLLOWING A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION OCCURS MOST LIKELY:

A

2-10 days after infarction.

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29
Q

12ARTERITIS

A

Arterial wall inflammation.

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30
Q

55HEMATOMA

A

Hemorrhage accumulating within a tissue.

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31
Q

31DEGENERATION

A

Gradual deterioration of specific tissues, cells, or organs with corresponding impairment or loss of function.

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32
Q

60HYALINE

A

A clear, eosinophilic, homogeneous substance occurring in cellular degeneration.

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33
Q

22TROUSSEAU SIGN

A

Migratory thrombophlebitis occurring in tumor patients. It is attributable to the elaboration of platelet-aggregating factors and pro-coagulants from the tumorcells.

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34
Q

90PETECHIAE

A

Minute (1 to 2 mm in diameter) hemorrhages into skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces.

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35
Q

48EXUDATE

A

Protein-rich fluid accumulation

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36
Q

152CAROLI DISEASE

A

Congenital disorder comprising of multifocal cystic dilatation of segmental intrahepatic bile ducts.

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37
Q

ASCITES

A

Extravascular fluid collection (effusion) in the peritoneal cavity.

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38
Q

180MEIGS’ SYNDROME

A

Ovarial fibrothecoma associated hydrothorax.

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39
Q

57HEMOTHORAX

A

Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity.

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40
Q

49FIBROSIS

A

Excessive deposition of collagen and other ECM components in a tissue.

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41
Q

79LITHIASIS

A

Formation of calculi (stones).

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42
Q

53GRANULOMA

A

Aggregates of activated macrophages with scattered lymphocytes.

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43
Q

2ADENOCARCINOMA

A

Malignant tumor of glandular epithelium.

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44
Q

51GRADE

A

Level of malignancy based on the cytological differentiation of tumor cells and the number of mitoses within the tumor.

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45
Q

89PAPILLOMA

A

Benign epithelial neoplasms, growing on any surface, that produce microscopic or macroscopic fingerlike fronds.

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46
Q

85NECROSIS

A

Form of cell death in which cellular membranes fall apart, and cellular enzymes leak out and ultimately digest the cell.

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47
Q

168HASHIMOTO’S DISEASE

A

Autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis.

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48
Q

166PATHOGENESIS OF GRAVES’ DISEASE

A

Thyroid stimulating anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies.

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49
Q

175HISTOLOGICAL TYPES OF GERM CELL NEOPLASMS OF THE TESTIS

A

Seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, spermatocytic tumor.

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50
Q

65INFARCTION, anemic

A

Area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of the vascular supply to the affected tissue.

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51
Q

155LIST THE FEATURES OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

A

!Inflammatory bowel disease, beginning in the rectum, affecting only the colon Continous inflammation affecting only the mucosa and submucosa with broad based ulcers Bowel wall becomes thin Extraintestinal symptoms

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52
Q

37ECTASIA

A

Any local dilation of a structure.

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53
Q

11ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

A

Hardening of the arteries, arterial wall thickening and loss of elasticity.

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54
Q

140ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR OF MESOTHELIOMAS:

A

Asbestos.

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55
Q

191WHERE DOES OSTEOSARCOMA ARISE MOST COMMONLY?

A

Metaphysis of long cortical bones, mainly distal femur and proximal tibia

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56
Q

136EXAMPLESFOR BENIGN AND MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS!

A

Benign: pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, Whartin tumorMucoepidermoid carcinoma, aciniccell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, myoepithelial carcinoma

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57
Q

107REMISSION

A

Partial or complete disappearance of a chronic or a malignant disease.

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58
Q

193SCHWANNOMA

A

Tumor of the peripheral nerves

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59
Q

164HISTOLOGICAL AND CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID:

A

Grooves, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, crowding of nuclei, ground-glass (Orphan Annie) nuclei, Psammoma bodies, papillary and/or follicular structures. It rarely gives metastasis, if yes, lymphogenic metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes.

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60
Q

134FORMS OF STERILE (NON-INFECTIOUS) ENDOCARDITIS:

A

Marantic endocarditis, endocarditis associated with carcinoid-syndrome

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61
Q

71INFLAMMATION, chronic active

A

Pattern of chronic mucosal inflammation mixed with acute inflammation of the glands.

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62
Q

35DYSPLASIA

A

Disorderly proliferation of the epithelium recognized by a loss in the uniformity of individual cells and in their architectural orientation.

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63
Q

98PROCTITIS

A

Inflammation of the rectum

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64
Q

112SHOCK

A

A state in which diminished cardiac output or reduced effective circulating blood volume impairs tissue perfusion and leads to cellular hypoxia.

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65
Q

105REGENERATION

A

Replacement of damaged tissue components and essentially return to a normal state.

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66
Q

121ULCER

A

Local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by the sloughing (shedding) of inflamed necrotic tissue.

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67
Q

141WHICH LUNG TUMOR TYPE PRODUCES COMMONLY HORMONES?

A

Small cell carcinoma.

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68
Q

86NEOPLASM

A

Tissue growth due to abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation.

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69
Q

33DESMOPLASIA

A

Tumor induced stromal reaction characterized by collagen rich connective tissue.

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70
Q

80LYMPHOMA

A

Malignant tumor of the lymphoid tissue.

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71
Q

201GASTROSCHISISA

A

birth defect in which abdominal viscera protrude through the incomplete abdominal wall.

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72
Q

96PNEUMOTHORAX

A

Air in the thoracic cavity.

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73
Q

171WHICH TWO CARCINOMA TYPES INFILTRATE COMMONLY TO MAJOR VEINS?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma of the kidney.

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74
Q

145TECHNIC OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING:

A

Exfoliative cytology.

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75
Q

72INFLAMMATION, chronic non-specific

A

Prolonged host response (weeks or months) to persistent stimuli that may follow unresolved acute inflammation or be chronic from the onset (cells: lymphocytes, plasma cells).

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76
Q

174PRIMARY LOCALIZATION OF LYMPHOGENOUS METASTASES IN MALIGNANT TESTICULAR TUMORS:

A

Paraaortic lymph nodes.

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77
Q

138PANCOAST TUMOR

A

Locally disseminated, malignant tumor in the apex of the lung.

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78
Q

63HYPERPLASIA

A

Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ that stems from increased proliferation, either of differentiated cells or, in some instances, less differentiated progenitor cells.

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79
Q

83METAPLASIA

A

Change in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another adult cell type.

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80
Q

9APLASIA

A

Incomplete development of an organ or its anlage.

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81
Q

38ECTOPIA

A

An abnormal location or position of an organ or a body part, occurring congenitally or as the result of injury.

82
Q

42EMPYEMA

A

pleural exudate caused by microbial invasion through either direct extension of a pulmonary infection or bloodborne seeding

83
Q

196CAUSE OF COMMON WART

A

Human papilloma virus(HPV).

84
Q

197IMPETIGO

A

Superficial purulent inflammation ofthe skin.

85
Q

14HEPATIC STEATOSIS

A

Fatty degeneration of the liver.

86
Q

74INVASION

A

Invasion refers to the direct extension and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues.

87
Q

115STENOSIS

A

Narrowing of a lumen.

88
Q

194MOST COMMON LOCALIZATION OF INTRACRANIAL BACTERIAL INFECTION:

A

Leptomeninx.

89
Q

169TYPICAL SYMPTOMS FOR NEPHRITIS SYNDROME:

A

Hypertension, proteinuria, macroscopic hematuria, azotemia.

90
Q

23CARCINOID

A

Malignant tumors composed of cells that contain dense-core neurosecretory granules in there cytoplasm, may secrete hormonally active polypeptides. Applied only in lung tumor classification of neuroendocrine tumors.

91
Q

126EXAMPLES FOR OPTIONAL AND AN OBLIGATORY PRECANCEROUS CONDITION

A

Facultative: squamous cell metaplasia of the bronchi Obligatory: cervical dysplasia

92
Q

132DRESSLER SYNDROME

A

An autoimmune phenomenon that can occur after myocardial infarction and manifests 2-3 weeks later as pericarditis and a pericardial effusion.

93
Q

131COMPLICATIONS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

A

Aneurysm formation, ischaemic injury of organs, embolism, thrombosis.

94
Q

170TYPICAL SYMPTOMS FOR NEPHROSIS SYNDROME:

A

Hyperlipidemia, proteinuria (>3,5g/day), hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema.

95
Q

120TUMOR SUPRESSOR GENE

A

Genes that normally prevent uncontrolled growth and, when mutated or lost from a cell, allow the transformed phenotype to develop.

96
Q

146ELEMENTS OF THE TUBERCULOTIC GHON’SCOMPLEX:

A

Primary tuberculotic nodule –lymphangitis –lymphadenitis.

97
Q

137MOST COMMON SITE OF REGIONAL METASTASIS IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA:

A

Cervical lymph nodes.

98
Q

WHAT IS CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM?

A

Venereal wart most commonly caused by HPV 6 and 11 serotypes.

99
Q

46EROSION

A

The superficial destruction of a surface by friction, pressure, ulceration, or trauma.

100
Q

6AMYLOIDOSIS

A

Disorder characterized by the extracellular deposits of proteins that are prone to aggregate and form insoluble fibrils.

101
Q

94PLEOMORPHISM (POLYMORHISM)

A

Variation of size and shape of cells, usually characteristic for malignant neoplasms.

102
Q

135VIRUSTHATMAY CONTRIBUTEIN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA INTHE HEAD&NECKREGION

A

:Human papilloma virus(HPV).

103
Q

16ATRESIA

A

Absence of an opening, usually of a hollow visceral organ or duct.

104
Q

91PHLEBITIS

A

Inflammation of a vein.

105
Q

185THE CLONAL PROLIFERATION OF WHICH CELLS ARE DETECTED IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA?

A

Plasma cells.

106
Q

142THE TWO MOST COMMONLY AFFECTED ORGANS IN PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS:

A

Lung, small bowel.

107
Q

106RELAPSE

A

Return of a disease after its apparent cessation.

108
Q

19AUTOLYSIS

A

Enzymatic digestion of cells (especially dead or degenerate) by enzymes present within them (autogenous).

109
Q

102PYKNOSIS

A

Form of nuclear destruction: shrinkage.

110
Q

149MECKEL’S DIVERTICULUM OCCURS IN

A

:Ileum.

111
Q

160INFECTIVE AGENT THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS?

A

Helicobacter pylori.

112
Q

139METHOD USED FOR THE DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIA

A

PCR, cultivation, Ziehl-Neelsen stain.

113
Q

66INFARCTION, hemorrhagic

A

Area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of the vascular supply to the affected tissue and consequential bleeding (dual or collateral blood supply, venous occlusion, reestablished flow after infarction).

114
Q

173GLEASON GRADE

A

A grading system used in prostate adenocarcinomas to determine the differentiation of the tumor. It is based on the glandular formation of the tumor cells.

115
Q

ABSCESS

A

Localized collections of pus caused by suppuration buried in a tissue, an organ, or a confined space.

116
Q

187MALT LYMPHOMA (WITH EXAMPLES)

A

Lymphoma arising in the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue stomach, small intestine, tonsils, thyroid gland, conjunctiva, bronchus

117
Q

56HEMOPERICARDIUM

A

Hemorrhage within the pericardial cavity.

118
Q

167WHAT DETERMINES THE GRADE OF NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS?

A

The mitotic rate and the ki-67 proliferation index.

119
Q

124SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME

A

Venous congestion on the superior extremities and head caused by compression of the vein, most commonly due to lung or mediastinal tumors.

120
Q

88ORCHITIS

A

Inflammation of the testis.

121
Q

108REPAIR

A

Regeneration by proliferation of residual (uninjured) cells and maturation of tissue stem cells, and the deposition of connective tissue to form a scar.

122
Q

100PSEUDOMEMBRANE

A

Adherent layer of inflammatory cells and debris at sites of mucosal injury.

123
Q

40EMBOLUS

A

Detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood from its point of origin to a distant site, where it often causes tissue dysfunction or infarction.

124
Q

92PHLEBOTHROMBOSIS

A

Venous thrombosis.

125
Q

172CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE MIGHT CAUSE HYPERPLASIA OF WHICH ORGAN?

A

Parathyroid gland.

126
Q

54HAMARTOMA

A

A mass of disorganized tissue indigenous to the particular site.

127
Q

WHICH TYPES OF VASCULITIS AFFECT THE SMALL AND MIDDLE SIZED ARTERIES?

A

Buerger’s disease, Polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener-granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangitis), Churg-Strauss disease (eosinophilia and granulomatosis with polyangitis).

128
Q

47EXOPHYTIC

A

A neoplasm or lesion that grows outward from an epithelial surface.

129
Q

69INFLAMMATION, acute purulent

A

Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage characterized by the production of pus (exudate of neutrophils, liquefied debris of necrotic cells and edema fluid).

130
Q

182PAGET-DISEASE OF THE BREAST

A

In situ carcinoma spreading into the epidermis of the nipple.

131
Q

150BARETT’S OESOPAGUS

A

Intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells presenting at least 1 cm orally to the gastro-esophageal junction. Precancerous condition.

132
Q

27COARCTATION

A

Congenital narrowing or constriction of the aorta

133
Q

179KRUKENBERG TUMOR

A

Ovarian metastasis of a mucinous carcinoma. The primary tumor site may be for example the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas.

134
Q

165MOST COMMON ORIGIN OF PANCREAS CARCINOMA:

A

Ductus epithelium.

135
Q

127WHAT IS PARANEOPLASIA? LIST A FEW TYPICAL EXAMPLES!

A

Symptom complexes that occur in patients with cancer and that cannot be readily explained by local or distant spread of the tumor, nor to the secretion of hormones indigenous to the tissue the tumor is derived from. Trousseau-thrombophlebitis, acromegaly, marantic endocarditis, Cushing-syndrome, DIC, hypercalcemia.

136
Q

61HYDROTHORAX

A

Extravascular fluid collection (effusion) in the pleural cavity.

137
Q

50FISTULA

A

A permanent abnormal passageway between two organs in the body or between an organ and the exterior of the body.

138
Q

189THE TWO MOST COMMON LOCALIZATIONS OF EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS

A

Liver, spleen.

139
Q

162TWO MAIN FORMS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS

A

Acute interstitial pancreatitis, acute hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis.

140
Q

14ATELECTASIS

A

Loss of lung volume caused by inadequate expansion of air spaces.

141
Q

117TERATOMA

A

Germ cell neoplasia that contains ecto-endo and mesodermal tissues.

142
Q

190WHAT IS MERKEL-CELL CARCINOMA, AND WHERE DOES IT ARISE?

A

Neuroendocrine tumor of the Merkel-cells in the skin.

143
Q

147IN WHICH DISEASE DOES CONDYLOMA LATUM OCCUR?

A

Syphilis

144
Q

62HYPERCHROMASIA

A

An increase in chromatin in cell nuclei, causing increased staining of nuclei with hematoxylin.

145
Q

116SUPPURATION

A

Formation of pus.

146
Q

200TYPICAL SYMPTOMS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS:

A

Meconium ileus, recurring and chronic pneumonia, bronchiectasis, cor pulmonale, pancreas insufficiency.

147
Q

181DISEASE OF WHICH CELL TYPE IS HYDATIDIFORM MOLE?

A

Trophoblast cells.

148
Q

84METASTASIS

A

Spread of a tumor to sites that are physically discontinuous with the primary tumor and unequivocally marks a tumor as malignant.

149
Q

28CONDYLOMA

A

HPV associated warty lesion of the genital squamous epithelium.

150
Q

97POLYP

A

Mass that projects above a mucosal surface.

151
Q

163HOW IS IT POSSIBLE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN FOLLICULAR ADENOMA AND FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA?

A

With the complete surgical removal of the lesion, and thorough histological examination of the capsule in search for capsular or vascular invasion which is diagnostic for follicular carcinoma.

152
Q

43ENDOCARDITIS

A

Inflammation of the endocardium, which may be infective or non-infective of origin.

153
Q

67INFLAMMATION, acute fibrinous Initial,

A

rapid response to infections and tissue damage with fibrin-rich exudate (due to large vascular leaks or local procoagulant stimulus)

154
Q

45EPITHELIOID CELL

A

Activated macrophages which may develop abundant cytoplasm and begin to resemble epithelial cells

155
Q

186REED-STERNBERG CELL

A

Binucleate tumorcell with large, inclusion type nucleoli typical for Hodgkin’s disease

156
Q

68INFLAMMATION, acute hemorrhagic

A

Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage with capillary endothelial destruction and consequent bleeding.

157
Q

78KOILOCYTE

A

HPV infected squamous epithelial cell characterized by nuclear irregularity, hyperchromasia and perinuclear halo.

158
Q

128HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MALIGNANCY IN MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

A

Cellular atypia, necrosis, increased mitotic count.

159
Q

26CARCINOMA,

A

microinvasive Superficially invasive epithelial neoplasm, invasion detected only microscopically.

160
Q

199TYPICAL SITEOFLACUNAR INFARCTS OCCUR:

A

Basal ganglia the thalamus.

161
Q

177ENDOMETRIOSIS

A

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus.

162
Q

29CONGESTION

A

Passive process resulting from impaired outflow of venous blood from a tissue, causing increased blood volume within the tissue.

163
Q

151BUDD-CHIARI-SYNDROME

A

Thrombosis of the hepatic veins.

164
Q

36DYSTROPHY

A

Abnormal development or growth of a tissue or organ, usually resulting from nutritional deficiency.

165
Q

87ONCOGENE

A

Genes that induce a transformed phenotype when expressed in cells by promoting increased cell growth.

166
Q

8ANEURYSM

A

Congenital or acquired dilations of blood vessels or the heart.

167
Q

76KARYOLYSIS

A

Form of nuclear destruction: fading.

168
Q

104RECURRENCE

A

Neoplasm growing at the same place of previously treated primary tumor.

169
Q

39EDEMA

A

Accumulation of interstitial fluid within tissues.

170
Q

111SARCOMA

A

Malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin.

171
Q

188LIST ONCOGENIC VIRUSES (WHICH PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MALIGNANT TUMORS)!EBV:

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, HHV-8: Kapos sarcoma, HCV/HBV: hepatocellular carcinoma, HPV: anogenital squamous cell carcinoma, oropharyngeal carcinoma, HTLV-1: adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia.

172
Q

25CARCINOMA

A

in situ Severe dysplastic changes which involve the entire thickness of the epithelium.

173
Q

22CARCINOGENESIS

A

Multistep process resulting from the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations that collectively give rise to the transformed phenotype causing malignant neoplasms.

174
Q

144WHAT DOES CONGO-RED STAINING DETECT?

A

Amyloid.

175
Q

95PNEUMONIA

A

Inflammation of the lung.

176
Q

93PHLEGMON

A

Diffuse form of acute purulent inflammation, spreading through tissue spaces over a large area without definite limits.

177
Q

123TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lympho-epithelioma), Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, some B-cell lymphomas.

178
Q

77KARYORRHEXIS

A

Form of nuclear destruction: fragmentation.

179
Q

32DERMATITIS

A

Inflammation of the skin.

180
Q

156WHICH LIVER DISEASE IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS?

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis.

181
Q

119TRANSUDATE

A

Fluid with low protein content, little or no cellular material, and low specific gravity (protein content: <3g/l).

182
Q

3ADENOMA

A

Benign tumor of glandular epithelium.

183
Q

34DIVERTICULUM

A

Acquired pseudodiverticular outpouchings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa.

184
Q

143INFECTIOUS DISEASE THAT MAY CAUSEORCHITIS:

A

Mumps.

185
Q

178HSIL

A

High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, epithelial proliferation caused by high risk HPV infection, a precancerous condition.

186
Q

110SALPINGO-OOPHORITIS

A

Inflammation of the adnex (ovary and tube).

187
Q

17ATROPHY

A

Shrinkage in the size of cells by the loss of cell substance.

188
Q

64HYPERTROPHY

A

Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells resulting in an increase in the size of the organ.

189
Q

159ACHALASIA

A

Incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter with increased sphincter tone and aperistaltis of the esophagus.

190
Q

73INFLAMMATION, chronic granulomatous

A

Form of chronic inflammation characterized by collections of activated macrophages, often with T lymphocytes and sometimes associated with central necrosis (granuloma formation).

191
Q

7ANAPLASIA

A

Dedifferentiation, or loss of structural and functional differentiation of malignant tumors.

192
Q

109RESOLUTION

A

Restoration of the site of acute inflammation to normal.

193
Q

103PYOTHORAX

A

Pus in the thoracic cavity.

194
Q

129CARCINOMA

A

Malignant epthelial tumor.

195
Q

118THROMBUS

A

The formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel.

196
Q

58HERNIATION

A

Abnormal protrusion of an organ or other body structure through a defect or natural opening in a covering membrane, muscle, or bone.

197
Q

52GRANULATION TISSUE

A

Material formed in the process of repair of wounds of soft tissue, consisting of connective tissue cells and ingrowing young vessels.

198
Q

113STASIS

A

Stagnation of fluid due to obstruction and congestion. 1

199
Q

192MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

A

Autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nerve system which is characterized by recurring episodes of disease activity with production of white matter lesions.

200
Q

176NECESSARY TISSUE SAMPLING METHOD IN CASE OF SUSPICION OF PROSTATE CANCER:

A

Transrectal core needle biopsy.

201
Q

59HETEROTOPIA

A

Or choristoma refers to microscopically normal cells or tissues that are present in abnormal locations.

ÅJJB Year 3 (6 decks)

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