Organ Demo Flashcards
Order to follow within organ descriptions:
- size
- surface
- color
- consistency
- inner contents
- special structure
Order to follow in organ complexes
- circulation
- respiration
- digestion
- urinary tract
- others (genital, endocrin..)
Heart - Size
The heart is 300-350 g (depending on the body weight)
Heart - Surface
The pericardium is smooth, shiny, glistening.
The pericardial fat tissue is of usual amount.
How to describe the heart
The description of the chambers follows the course of the blood flow.
Right Atrium
- normal in diameter, it is free, and the inner surface is smooth.
- The foramen ovale is closed. The auricle is free.
- The circumference of the tricuspid valve is normal (130 mm), the cusps are thin, membranous, freely movable
- the chordae tendinae are thin, thread-like.
The Right Ventricle
- normal in diameter
- the lumen is free, and the inner surface is smooth.
- The right ventricular myocardium is normal in thickness (3-5 mm).
- The circumference of the pulmonary valve is normal (80 mm), the cusps are thin, membranous, freely movable.
The Pulmonary Trunk
- normal in diameter
- the lumen is free
- inner surface is ivory
Left Atrium
- normal in diameter, it is free, and the inner surface is smooth.
- The auricle is free.
- The diameter of the bicuspid valve is normal (105 mm), the cusps are thin, membranous, freely movable
- the chordae tendinae are thin, thread- like.
- The papillary muscles are cylindrical
Left Ventricle
- the left ventricle is normal in diameter, the lumen is free, and the inner surface is smooth.
- The left ventricular myocardium is normal in thickness (10-14 mm).
- The circumference of the aortic valve is normal (65 mm), the cusps are thin, membranous, and freely movable.
Aorta
normal in diameter, the lumen is free, and the inner surface is ivory
Coronary Arteries
the diameter of the
- circumflex=CX
- anterior descending=LAD
- right coronary=RCA is normal, the lumen is free.
- The inner surface is ivory.
- The cut surface of the myocardium is reddish-brown, the consistency is rubbery, and the muscle structure is preserved.
What do you see in adipose infiltration of the heart
the pericardial fat is increased in amount, penetrates deeply between the muscle strands.
(Usually seen in the anterior wall of the right ventricle.)
What do you see in Hypoxic parenchymal degeneration in the Heart
the muscle is light brown, muscle structure is indistinct, and the consistency is flaccid
What would you see in Atherosclerosis in the Heart?
(aorta, coronaries):
- there are numerous…mm sized (confluent)
- yellowish/ butter yellow, firm/calcified/ulcerated plaques (with thrombosis
on/hemorrhage in the plaques) on the inner surface.
(These cause a ..% narrowing of the lumen.)
What would you see in Myocardial infarction (acute, more than 24 hrs old)
on the cut surface of the …(area: anterior wall, etc.) of the myocardium there is a … cm sized mainly subendocardial/transmural asymmetrical /map like, clay-yellow/reddish area with hemorrhagic edges.
Optional: There is a grayish easily removable material on the pericardium of this area(acute fibrinous pericarditis)
There is a …sized thrombus on the endocardium of this area (mural thrombosis-rare).
What would you see in Myocardial infarction (old):
on the cut surface of the … area of the myocardium there is a .. cm sized whitish scar tissue.
Optional: The lumen is dilated, the wall is thin (aneurysm)
What would you see in Acute Endocarditis
- Infective: large, smooth, grayish-yellowish thrombi on the valves
(=vegetation).
Valve destruction is common.
- Non infective: small, grayish thrombi on the edge of the valves (=sterile vegetation).
No valve destruction.
What would you see in Chronic Endocarditis (rheumatic):
the….valves are thickened, destruated, calcified, not movable, the valve is stenotic
What is the size of the Lung
The right and left lung together is 700
Surface of the Lung
The pleura is smooth, shiny and glistening.
What is the color of the Lung
The cut surface is reddish, the consistency is elastic, and the air bubbles can be felt.
Contents of the Lung
- The arteries are normal in diameter, the lumen is free.
- The inner surface is ivory.
- The bronchi are normal in diameter (which means, the lumen of a single bronchus is detectable not more than the 2/3 of the hilus-pleura distance), the lumen is free, and the mucosa is grayish-white/pale.
Consistency of the lung
Pressing the cut surface results in a small amount of deep red bubbly/frothy fluid.