Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Pathology- Ch.26 Joints > Flashcards

Pathology- Ch.26 Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for osteoarthritis?

A

-degenerative joint disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is primary and secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Primary- age related or arising without any causative agent

Secondary- injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the process and morphology of OA?

A
  • chondrocyte proliferate at first, then weaken and slough off exposing the bone.
  • bone is polished to an ivory appearence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the most commly affected sites of OA in men and women?

A

Men: hips

Women: Knees and hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is OA a primarily inflammatory disease?

A

-NO, it is an intrinsic disease of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Changes in what hormone can be responsible for OA?

A

-Estrogen decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is rhematoid arthritis an inflammatory disease? What are the primarily affected areas?

A
  • yes
  • joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does rhematoid arthritis cause in the joints?

A

-stiffness and ankylosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of cells populate the synovium in rhematoid arthritis?

A

-CD4+, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and other immunologic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the allele thought to be responsible for rhematoid arthritis?

A

HLA-DRB1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Under what age is arthritis considered to be juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

A

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the differences between RA and JIA?

A
  • large joints affected
  • systemic more common
  • Rheumatoid factor is absent
  • ANA sero +
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes gout?

A
  • excess uric acid
  • hyperuricemia does not always lead to gout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of gout?

A

-recurrent episodes of arthritis due to crystalline aggregates

–>monosodium urate crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the causes of primary and secondary gout?

A

Primary Gout (too much in): diet and enzyme defects

Secondary gout(not enough out): cancer (increased turnover), errors of metabolism and reduced excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do monosodium urate crystals cause inflammation?

A
  • they are chemotactic agents
  • ACTIVATE COMPLEMENT C3a and C5a which leads to accumilation of neutrophils and macrophages in the joints
  • activation of complement leads to phagocytosis and release of txoci free radicle and leukotriene–B4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which pro-inflammatory mediators play a role in gout?

A

IL-1

TNF

IL-6

IL-8

18
Q

Deposition of what chemical is responsible for pseudo-gout?

A

Calcium pyrophosphate crystals (called calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposit disease CPPD)

19
Q

What are the three kinds of CPPD?

A

-idiopathic, hereditary and secondary

20
Q

How is hereditary CPPD different from other forms? What causes it?

A
  • it develops much earlier in life and is associated with OA
  • Caused by a germline mutation in ANKH (pyrophosphate channel)
21
Q

What is secondary CPPD associated with?

A

-vairous disorder:

–previous joint damage

–hemochromatosis

–hypomagnesemia

–hypothyroidism

–diabetes

22
Q

What are more common, benign soft tumors or malignant?

A

-benign by a factor of about 100

23
Q

What are teh causes of soft tissue tumors/lesions?

A

reallly unknown.

  • chemicals, radiation
  • Kaposi sarcoma associated with HSV8

most occur sporadically

24
Q

What are three common genetically linked tumors?

A
  • NF1
  • Li-Fraumeni syndrome
  • Osler-Erber-Rendu syndrome
25
Q

What are three results of NF1?

A
  • neurofibroma
  • malignant schwannoma
  • Gardner syndrome
26
Q

What are chracateristics of Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome (herediary telangietasia)?

A
  • dilated capillaries
  • AD
  • widely distributed and present from birth
27
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

-a benign subcutaneous fatty tumor

28
Q

What is the most common soft tissue tumor of adulthood?

A

Lipoma

29
Q

What is the cure for lipomas?

A

Excision

30
Q

What is a common location of a liposarcoma?

A

-commonly arise in deep soft tissue of the proximal extremitiy and retroperitoneum

31
Q

What are the three kinds of liposarcomas and their behavior?

A
  • well differentiated (indolent)
  • myxoid type (intermediate maliginant behavior)
  • Pleomorphic (aggressive and redily metastasize)
32
Q

Are liposarcomas recurrent?

A

Yes unless completely excised

33
Q

What is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescence?

A

-rhabdomyosarcoma

34
Q

What is the most comon location of the rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

-head, neck and genitourinary tract

35
Q

Are rhabdomyosarcomas aggressive? What is the treatment?

A
  • Yes
  • surgery plus chemo
36
Q

What are the four subtypes of rhabdomyosarcomas?

A
  • Botryoides
  • embryonal
  • pleomorphic
  • alveolar
37
Q

Which kind of rhabdomyosarcoma has the bes prognosis? Where is it usually located?

A
  • Embryonal
  • nasal cavity, orbit, middle ear, prostate, vagina, bile ducts and paratesticular
38
Q

What are the teo types of smooth muscle tumors?

A
  • leiomyoma
  • leiomyosarcoma
39
Q

What is the most common loaction of a leimyoma?

A

-the uterus

40
Q

What are the common locations of leiomyosarcomas?

A

-Skin and deep soft tissue of the extremitites and retroperitoneum

Musculoskeletal (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions