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Pathology- Cases Flashcards

1
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Papilloma - benign

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2
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Adenoma - benign

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3
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma - malignant

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4
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Adenocarcinoma - malignant

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5
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Histiocytoma - Benign

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6
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Plasmacytoma - benign

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7
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Mast Cell Tumour - malignant

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8
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Lymphoma - malignant

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9
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Malignant myeloma - malignant

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10
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Lymphadenitis - benign

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11
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Fibroma - benign

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12
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Leiomyoma - benign

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13
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Sarcoma - malignant

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14
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Melanoma - malignant

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15
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Fibrosarcoma - malignant

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16
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Hemangiosarcoma - malignant

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17
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Lipoma - benign

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18
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Squame (surface)

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19
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Basal (surface)

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20
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Transitional (surface)

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21
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Hair follicle (surface)

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22
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Apocrine (glandular)

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23
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Exocrine (glandular)

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24
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Round: Lymphocyte

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25
Identify the cell type | i.e. round cell, RBC
Round: Mast cell
26
Identify the cell type | i.e. round cell, RBC
Round: Plasma cell
27
Identify the cell type | i.e. round cell, RBC
Round: Histiocyte
28
Identify the cell type | i.e. round cell, RBC
Mesenchymal: Fibrocyte
29
Identify the cell type | i.e. round cell, RBC
Mesenchymal: Muscle cell / myocyte
30
Identify the cell type | i.e. round cell, RBC
Mesenchymal: Osteoblast
31
Identify the cell type | i.e. round cell, RBC
Mesenchymal: Endothelial cell
32
What USG value would be considered hyposthenuric?
Less than 1.008
33
What USG value would be considered concentrated?
1.030 depending on species
34
What physical properties of urine are examined?
* Colour * Turbidity * Odour * USG
35
What chemical properties of urine are examined?
* pH * Protein * Glucose * Ketones * Bilirubin * Blood
36
What are casts?
Protein or cell collections moulded in lumens of tubules.
37
What do casts indicate?
Tubular damage
38
Outline causes of neutrophilia.
* Inflammation * Steriods * Physiological * Leukaemia * Paraneoplastic
39
How do steriods cause neutrophilia?
Glucocorticoids, reased due to: stress, treatment or HAC, causes demargination. This increases the number of circulating neutrophils, and decreases the number bound.
40
How do physiological facotors cause neutrophilia?
Adrenaline causes demargination.
41
What is a left shift?
Where immature neutrophis are released from the marrow storage pool cells.
42
What can cause a left shift?
* Endotoxemia * Acute infection * Hypoxia * Glucocorticoids
43
What is a right shift?
Neutrophils can't leave the circulation to die. As a result, more mature/aged neutrophils remain in circulation.
44
What cytological signs indicate mature/aged neutrophils?
Hyper-segmented (5 or more) nuclear lobes
45
When is a right shift obserbed?
Chronic steriod therapy. Chronic HAC
46
What do toxic neutrophils indicate?
Rapid neutropoiesis Sometimes: parvo, IMHA, neoplasia. They are a prognostic indicator.
47
What are the key features of a toxic neutrophil seen in cytology?
* Foamy cytoplasm * Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia * Dohle bodies * Asynchronus nuclear maturation.
48
Outline some of the causes of neutropenia
Inflammation Infections Toxicity Neoplasm Marrow necrosis
49
Outline the interpretation of neutropenia in acute inflammation for Dogs, horses and cows.
Dogs- indicates a very severe lesion Horses - probably a severe lesion Cows- Typical in inflammation regardless of severity.
50
What is pancytopenia?
Low levels of neutrophils, platlets and RBCs.
51
Outline causes of lymphocytosis.
Catecholamine mediated (via splenic contraction) Chronic inflammation Young animals and recent vaccination Hypo AC
52
Outline causes of lymphopenia
Stress/steroid Acute inflammation Loss of lymph Cytotoxic drugs Lymphoma
53
Causes of monocytosis
Inflammation Stress/steriod Leaukaemia
54
Outline causes of eosinophilia
Hypersensitivity Parasitism Hypo AC Neoplasm Idiopathic
55
Outline causes of eosinopenia
Stress/steriods Inflammation
56
What is polycythaemia?
Increase in PCV, Hgb concentration and RBC count
57
What is poikilocytosis?
Abnormal RBCs
58
What is serous inflammation?
Inflammation with exudation of fluid with a low concentration of plasma protein and no to low numbers of leukocytes
59
What is fibrinous inflammation?
Fibrinous inflammation Inflammation with exudation of fibrinogen and fluid, and formation of thick, friable, loosely adherent fibrin.
60
What is purulent inflammation
Purulent inflammation Inflammation with production of pus, viscous to creamy liquid, an exudate consisting of degenerated and necrotic neutrophils, debris and fluid. It is typically associated to bacterial infections
61
What is Haemorrhagic inflammation?
Inflammation with vascular damage, loss of integrity of endothelium and/or extensive tissue necrosis, with leakage of red blood cells.
62
What inflammation is shown here?
Serous inflammation
63
What inflammation is this?
Fibrinous inflammation
64
What inflammation is this?
Purulent inlammation
65
What inflammation is this?
Haemorrhagic inflammation
66
What are the main cell types involved in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages M1 or M2 cells
67
Give examples of chronic inflammation.
▪ Without a clear Pathogen: ▪ Atopic Dermatitis ▪ Inflammatory bowel disease ▪ Toxic agent With a clear Pathogen ▪ Parasitic ▪ Fungal ▪ Neoplastic
68
What does this histology image depict?
Granulomatous lesion

FCP (14 decks)

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