Anti-fungals and Anti-virals Flashcards
How does a virus work?
(4 very basic steps)
- Pathogen enters host cell.
- Viral genes/enzymes released into host.
- Host cell internally repicates the viral components.
- Virus released by the cell
Outline the two anti-viral treatment approaches.
- Viral enzyme inhibition
- Immune response enhancement
Outline the only licenced anti-viral in veterinary species.
Omega interferon works by stimulating the hosts immune response to the virus. It is licenced for the treatment of parvovirus in dogs, FeLV and FIV in cats.
Outline the five main anti-virals that may be used off-licence.
- Acyclovir
- Famcilovir
- Trifluridine
- Zidovudine
- Ribavirin
What is acyclovir used to treat?
Herpesvirus family
What is famciclovir used to treat?
Herpesvirus family
What is trifluridine used to treat?
Occular herpes
What is zidovudine used to treat?
Retroviruses - FeLV and FIV
What is ribavirin used to treat?
Adenoviruses, herpesviruses, rotaviruses and retroviruses.
Broad spectrum
Outline anti-fungals in the azole class
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole (not for use in cats)
Fluconazole (Off-Licence)
Outline the mechanism of action for azoles.
Inhibit cytochrome P450-dependent synthesis of ergosterol in fungal cells.
Outline how allylamines work.
They inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol in fungal cells by inhibiting the enzyme squalene epoxidase.
Name an allylamine
Terbinafine
Outline how polyenes work
The polyene binds to sterols in the funal cell membrance causing leakage of intra-cellular contents.
Name two polyenes.
Amphotericin B and Nystatin
